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In mathematics, summation is the addition of a sequence of numbers, called addends or summands; the result is their sum or total.Beside numbers, other types of values can be summed as well: functions, vectors, matrices, polynomials and, in general, elements of any type of mathematical objects on which an operation denoted "+" is defined.
In general mathematics, uppercase Σ is used as an operator for summation. When used at the end of a letter-case word (one that does not use all caps ), the final form (ς) is used. In Ὀδυσσεύς (Odysseus), for example, the two lowercase sigmas (σ) in the center of the name are distinct from the word-final sigma (ς) at the end.
Sum (category theory), the generic concept of summation in mathematics; Sum, the result of summation, the addition of a sequence of numbers; 3SUM, a term from computational complexity theory; Band sum, a way of connecting mathematical knots; Connected sum, a way of gluing manifolds; Digit sum, in number theory; Direct sum, a combination of ...
Columnar addition – the numbers in the column are to be added, with the sum written below the underlined number. There are also situations where addition is "understood", even though no symbol appears: A whole number followed immediately by a fraction indicates the sum of the two, called a mixed number. [4]
The English language has a number of words that denote specific or approximate quantities that are themselves not numbers. [1] Along with numerals, and special-purpose words like some, any, much, more, every, and all, they are Quantifiers. Quantifiers are a kind of determiner and occur in many constructions with other determiners, like articles ...
In linear algebra, an element of a vector space, a sum of finitely many elements from a given basis set multiplied by real, complex, or other numerical coefficients. In the study of series (mathematics) , a sum of an infinite sequence of numbers or other quantities, considered as an abstract mathematical object regardless of whether the sum ...
In mathematics and statistics, sums of powers occur in a number of contexts: . Sums of squares arise in many contexts. For example, in geometry, the Pythagorean theorem involves the sum of two squares; in number theory, there are Legendre's three-square theorem and Jacobi's four-square theorem; and in statistics, the analysis of variance involves summing the squares of quantities.
In mathematics, an empty sum, or nullary sum, [1] is a summation where the number of terms is zero. The natural way to extend non-empty sums [ 2 ] is to let the empty sum be the additive identity . Let a 1 {\displaystyle a_{1}} , a 2 {\displaystyle a_{2}} , a 3 {\displaystyle a_{3}} , ... be a sequence of numbers, and let