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Some elements of the cholinergic crisis can be reversed with antimuscarinic drugs like atropine or diphenhydramine, but the most dangerous effect - respiratory depression, cannot. [ 6 ] The neuromuscular junction, where the brain communicates with muscles (like the diaphragm , the main breathing muscle), works by acetylcholine activating ...
Cholinergic blocking drugs are a group of drugs that block the action of acetylcholine (ACh), a neurotransmitter, in synapses of the cholinergic nervous system. [1] They block acetylcholine from binding to cholinergic receptors, namely the nicotinic and muscarinic receptors.
Cholinergic agents are compounds which mimic the action of acetylcholine and/or butyrylcholine. [1] In general, the word " choline " describes the various quaternary ammonium salts containing the N , N , N -trimethylethanolammonium cation .
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M 2, also known as the cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 2, is a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor that in humans is encoded by the CHRM2 gene. [5] Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [ 5 ]
The muscarine cholinergic receptor activates a G-protein when bound to extracellular ACh. The alpha subunit of the G-protein activates guanylate cyclase (inhibiting the effects of intracellular cAMP) while the beta-gamma subunit activates the K-channels and therefore hyperpolarize the cell. This causes a decrease in cardiac activity.
The M 3 receptors are also located in many glands, which help to stimulate secretion in, for example, the salivary glands, as well as other glands of the body. Like the M 1 muscarinic receptor, M 3 receptors are G proteins of class G q that upregulate phospholipase C and, therefore, inositol trisphosphate and intracellular calcium as a ...
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M 1, also known as the cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 1, is a muscarinic receptor that in humans is encoded by the CHRM1 gene. [5] It is localized to 11q13. [5] This receptor is found mediating slow EPSP at the ganglion in the postganglionic nerve, [6] is common in exocrine glands and in the CNS. [7] [8]
A parasympathomimetic drug, sometimes called a cholinomimetic drug [1] or cholinergic receptor stimulating agent, [2] is a substance that stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS). [ 3 ] [ 2 ] These chemicals are also called cholinergic drugs because acetylcholine (ACh) is the neurotransmitter used by the PSNS.