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  2. Closed-loop recycling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed-loop_recycling

    They are called "closed" because products have a circular life cycle, beginning as raw materials and either being recycled into replacement products, returning to the original raw materials, or being returned to the environment as biodegradable waste. [2] This reduces the amount of (non-biodegradable) waste disposed, as recyclables are ...

  3. Biodegradable waste - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodegradable_waste

    Removing such waste from the rest of the waste stream substantially reduces waste volumes for disposal and also allows biodegradable waste to be composted. Biodegradable waste can be used for composting or a resource for heat, electricity and fuel by means of incineration or anaerobic digestion. [7] Swiss Kompogas and the Danish AIKAN process ...

  4. Recycling codes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recycling_codes

    Recycling codes on products. Recycling codes are used to identify the materials out of which the item is made, to facilitate easier recycling process.The presence on an item of a recycling code, a chasing arrows logo, or a resin code, is not an automatic indicator that a material is recyclable; it is an explanation of what the item is made of.

  5. Plastic recycling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_recycling

    Almost all plastic is non-biodegradable and without recycling, spreads across the environment [8] [9] where it causes plastic pollution. For example, as of 2015, approximately 8 million tonnes of waste plastic enters the oceans annually, damaging oceanic ecosystems and forming ocean garbage patches .

  6. Biodegradable plastic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodegradable_plastic

    Disposable plastic cups made from biodegradable plastic. Biodegradable plastics are plastics that can be decomposed by the action of living organisms, usually microbes, into water, carbon dioxide, and biomass. [1] Biodegradable plastics are commonly produced with renewable raw materials, micro-organisms, petrochemicals, or combinations of all ...

  7. Are your plastic kitchen utensils toxic? An alarming study ...

    www.aol.com/news/maybe-dont-throw-black-plastic...

    Toxic flame retardants can get into black plastic kitchenware and other items because the black plastic used to make them sometimes includes recycled electronic products that contain flame retardants.

  8. Polymer degradation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer_degradation

    Polymer degradation is the reduction in the physical properties of a polymer, such as strength, caused by changes in its chemical composition.Polymers and particularly plastics are subject to degradation at all stages of their product life cycle, including during their initial processing, use, disposal into the environment and recycling. [1]

  9. Bioplastic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioplastic

    It is derived from plants, and it biodegrades under industrial composting conditions. Unfortunately, it exhibits inferior impact strength, thermal robustness, and barrier properties (blocking air transport across the membrane) compared to non-biodegradable plastics. [45] PLA and PLA blends generally come in the form of granulates.