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BC108 family transistors from various manufacturers (ITT, CEMI, ATES, Siemens) The BC107 , BC108 and BC109 are general-purpose low power silicon NPN bipolar junction transistors found very often in equipment and electronics books/articles from Europe, Australia [ 1 ] and many other countries from the 1960s.
The 2N3904 is a common NPN bipolar junction transistor used for general-purpose low-power amplifying or switching applications. [1] [2] [3] It is designed for low current and power, medium voltage, and can operate at moderately high speeds. It is complementary to the 2N3906 PNP transistor. Both types were registered by Motorola Semiconductor in ...
[8] [11] [12] In 1957 Frosch and Derick published their work on building the first silicon dioxide transistors, including a NPNP transistor, the same structure as the IGBT. [13] The basic IGBT mode of operation, where a pnp transistor is driven by a MOSFET, was first proposed by K. Yamagami and Y. Akagiri of Mitsubishi Electric in the Japanese ...
The BC548 is a part of a family of NPN and PNP epitaxial silicon transistors that originated with the metal-cased BC108 family of transistors.The BC548 is the modern plastic-packaged BC108; [6] the BC548 article at the Radiomuseum website [7] describes the BC548 as a successor to the BC238 and differing from the BC108 in only the shape of the package.
TIP31 transistors are designated as TIP31A, TIP31B, TIP31 to indicate increasing collector-base and collector-emitter breakdown voltage ratings. The TIP31 is packaged in a TO-220 case. TIP stands for Texas Instruments (Plastic) Power [6] transistor. 31 is an arbitrary identifier. [7] These ratings are for the Fairchild TIP31 series.
Ebers–Moll model for an NPN transistor. [28] I B, I C and I E are the base, collector and emitter currents; I CD and I ED are the collector and emitter diode currents; α F and α R are the forward and reverse common-base current gains. Ebers–Moll model for a PNP transistor Approximated Ebers–Moll model for an NPN transistor in the ...
The expressions are derived for a PNP transistor. For an NPN transistor, n has to be replaced by p, and p has to be replaced by n in all expressions below. The following assumptions are involved when deriving ideal current-voltage characteristics of the BJT [7] Low level injection; Uniform doping in each region with abrupt junctions
Although still in relatively common use, there is limited relevance of these device-specific power-supply designations in circuits that use a mixture of bipolar and FET elements, or in those that employ either both NPN and PNP transistors or both n- and p-channel FETs.