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The hypostyle mosque constructed by Muhammad in Medina served as a model for early mosque design throughout the Islamic world. [10] Umayyad religious architecture was the earliest expression of Islamic art on a grand scale [164] and the Umayyad Mosque of Damascus reproduced the hypostyle model at a monumental scale. [165]
The courtyard (sahn) of a mosque normally precedes and gives access to the interior prayer hall that stands on the qibla side (the side corresponding to the direction of prayer). [ 7 ] [ 1 ] Most mosque courtyards ( sahn ) contained a public fountain where Muslims performed wudu , a ritual ablution (purification) required before prayer . [ 8 ]
It is an architectural design element in Islamic architecture and Islamic garden design. [3] A riwaq often serves as the transition space between interior and outdoor spaces. As portico or arcade structure, it provides shade and adjustment to sunlight in hot climates, and cover from rain in any locale.
The Great Mosque of Damascus served as a model for later mosques. [7] Similar layouts, scaled down, have been found in a mosque excavated in Tiberias, on the Sea of Galillee, and in a mosque in the palace of Khirbat al-Minya. [6] The plan of the White Mosque at Ramla differs in shape, and the prayer hall is divided into only two aisles.
Interior of the Tinmal Mosque (1148; now partly ruined). The Almohad Kutubiyya and Tinmal mosques are often considered the prototypes of later Moroccan and Andalusi mosques, [2] [1] although the Great Mosque of Taza (later modified by the Marinids) is the oldest surviving Almohad mosque (begun in 1142).
The basic design of the Şehzade Mosque, with its symmetrical dome and four semi-dome layout, proved popular with later architects and was repeated in classical Ottoman mosques after Sinan (e.g. the Sultan Ahmed I Mosque, the New Mosque at Eminönü, and the 18th-century reconstruction of the Fatih Mosque).
Hausa house in Zinder, Niger. Hausa architecture is the architecture of the Hausa people of Northern Nigeria and Niger. [1] Hausa architectural forms include mosques, walls, common compounds, and gates. Hausa traditional architecture is an integral part of how Hausa people construct a sense of interrelatedness with their physical environment.
The “body acts as an organizational template for a building's interior layout.” Ultimately, these architectural forms are derived from an individual level but align with the cosmos, revealing an intricate spiritual system. Djingareyber Mosque, Timbuktu. Structurally speaking, the architecture has been redefined during the Sonhai reign.