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Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare neuromuscular disorder that results in the loss of motor neurons and progressive muscle wasting. [3] [4] [5] It is usually diagnosed in infancy or early childhood and if left untreated it is the most common genetic cause of infant death. [6]
Many people with this type of spina bifida do not even know they have it, as the condition is asymptomatic in most cases. [21] A systematic review of radiographic research studies found no relationship between spina bifida occulta and back pain. [23] More recent studies not included in the review support the negative findings. [24] [25] [26]
It is a congenital disorder in which the fetal development of the lower spine—the caudal partition of the spine—is abnormal. [1] It occurs at a rate of approximately one per 60,000 live births. [2] Some babies are born with very small differences compared to typical development, and others have significant changes.
Lumbosacral transitional vertebrae consist of the process of the last lumbar vertebra fusing with the first sacral segment. [1] While only around 10 percent of adults have a spinal abnormality due to genetics, a sixth lumbar vertebra is one of the more common abnormalities. [2] Sacralization of the L5 vertebra is seen at the lower right of the ...
The weakness is indicated as hypotonia, or lack of muscle tone, which can make an infant seem unstable. [1] [5] Eventually, most patients develop joint contractures or fixed joint deformities. [6] Children may be slow with their motor skills; such as rolling over, sitting up or walking, or may not even reach these milestones of life. Some of ...
The conus medullaris (or lower termination of the spinal cord) normally terminates at or above the L1-2 disk space (where L1 is the first, or topmost lumbar vertebra). After about 3 months of age, a conus below the L1-2 disk space may indicate a tethered cord and termination below L3-4 is unmistakably tethered.
Diastematomyelia is a "dysraphic state" of unknown embryonic origin, but is probably initiated by an accessory neurenteric canal (an additional embryonic spinal canal.).) This condition may be an isolated phenomenon or may be associated with other segmental anomalies of the vertebral bodies such as spina bifida, kyphoscoliosis, butterfly vertebra, hemivertebra and block vertebrae which are ...
The biggest difference is whether the infant is symptomatic at time of presentation to a health professional. If the infant is still showing symptoms, then the condition is termed an ALTE. In order to be considered a BRUE, the infant should be completely asymptomatic at time of presentation, which is more common.