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Although there is currently a shortage of new drugs in the antimicrobial realm, there are a few antibiotics currently being studied and tested for the treatment of serious Gram-negative bacterial infections. These include cephalosporins, ceftobiprole, ceftarolin and FR-264205. [2]
Polymyxins B and E (also known as colistin) are used in the treatment of Gram-negative bacterial infections. They work mostly by breaking up the bacterial cell membrane. They are part of a broader class of molecules called nonribosomal peptides. They are produced in nature by Gram-positive bacteria such as Paenibacillus polymyxa.
Gram negative bacterial species are responsible for approximately 24% of all cases of healthcare-associated bacteremia and 45% of all cases of community-acquired bacteremia. [ 21 ] [ 22 ] In general, gram negative bacteria enter the bloodstream from infections in the respiratory tract , genitourinary tract , gastrointestinal tract, or ...
Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that, unlike gram-positive bacteria, do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation. [1] Their defining characteristic is that their cell envelope consists of a thin peptidoglycan cell wall sandwiched between an inner ( cytoplasmic ) membrane and an outer ...
Endotoxins are the lipid portions of lipopolysaccharides that are part of the outer membrane of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. Endotoxins are released when the bacteria lyses , which is why after antibiotic treatment, symptoms can worsen at first as the bacteria are killed and they release their endotoxins.
Eikenella corrodens is a Gram-negative facultative anaerobic bacillus that can cause severe invasive disease in humans. [1] It was first identified by M. Eiken in 1958, who called it Bacteroides corrodens. [2] E. corrodens is a rare pericarditis associated pathogen. [3]
Melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by a gram-negative bacterium called Burkholderia pseudomallei. [1] Most people exposed to B. pseudomallei experience no symptoms; however, those who do experience symptoms have signs and symptoms that range from mild, such as fever and skin changes, to severe with pneumonia, abscesses, and septic shock that could cause death. [1]
Yersinia enterocolitica is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, belonging to the family Yersiniaceae.It is motile at temperatures of 22–29°C (72–84°F), but becomes nonmotile at normal human body temperature.