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Anglo-Saxon runes or Anglo-Frisian runes are runes that were used by the Anglo-Saxons and Medieval Frisians (collectively called Anglo-Frisians) as an alphabet in their native writing system, recording both Old English and Old Frisian (Old English: rūna, ᚱᚢᚾᚪ, "rune").
Variations of the ansuz rune. They are all transliterated as a. The i ͡ŋ bindrune. Transliteration means that the runes are represented by a corresponding Latin letter in bold. No consideration is given to the sound the rune represented in the actual inscription, and a good example of this is the ansuz rune, which
The name rune itself, taken to mean "secret, something hidden", seems to indicate that knowledge of the runes was originally considered esoteric, or restricted to an elite. [citation needed] The 6th-century Björketorp Runestone warns in Proto-Norse using the word rune in both senses: Haidzruno runu, falahak haidera, ginnarunaz.
There are scattered examples elsewhere (the Berezan' Runestone in Eastern Europe, [5] and runic graffiti on the Piraeus Lion from Greece but today in Venice, Italy). [6] The vast majority of runestones date to the Viking Age and the period immediately following the Christianisation of Scandinavia (9th to 12th centuries).
The practice of using the ʀ rune to stand for /y/ then spread to the rest of Scandinavia. [6] Meanwhile, when the nasal /ɑ̃/ changed into /o/, this became the new phoneme for the ą rune. [5] Towards the end of the 11th century and in the early 12th century, new d and p runes were created through the addition of stings to the t and b runes. [5]
Its date is very early (3rd century) and it shows a mixture of runic and Latin letters, reading TᛁᛚᚨᚱᛁDᛊ or TIᛚᚨRIDS (the i, r and s letters being identical in the Elder Futhark and Latin scripts), and may thus reflect a stage of development before the runes became fixed as a separate script in its own right.
The distinction made by Unicode between character and glyph variant is somewhat problematic in the case of the runes; the reason is the high degree of variation of letter shapes in historical inscriptions, with many "characters" appearing in highly variant shapes, and many specific shapes taking the role of a number of different characters over the period of runic use (roughly the 3rd to 14th ...
The Younger Futhark rune is transliterated as ą to distinguish it from the new ár rune (ᛅ), which continues the jēran rune after loss of prevocalic *j-in Proto-Norse *jár (Old Saxon jār). Since the name of a is attested in the Gothic alphabet as ahsa or aza , the common Germanic name of the rune may thus either have been *ansuz "god", or ...