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  2. David Malet Armstrong - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Malet_Armstrong

    David Malet Armstrong AO FAHA (8 July 1926 – 13 May 2014), [4] often D. M. Armstrong, was an Australian philosopher.He is well known for his work on metaphysics and the philosophy of mind, and for his defence of a factualist ontology, a functionalist theory of the mind, an externalist epistemology, and a necessitarian conception of the laws of nature.

  3. Instantiation principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instantiation_principle

    The instantiation principle or principle of instantiation or principle of exemplification is the concept in metaphysics and logic (first put forward by David Malet Armstrong) that there can be no uninstantiated or unexemplified properties (or universals). In other words, it is impossible for a property to exist which is not had by some object.

  4. List of philosophical problems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_philosophical_problems

    That is, reasoning based on inferring general conclusions from specific observations. This is a problem because induction is widely used in everyday life and scientific reasoning, e.g., "The sun has risen in the east every day, therefore it will rise in the east tomorrow." Various philosophers have proposed solutions or alternative perspectives:

  5. The Degrees of Knowledge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Degrees_of_Knowledge

    The objects of metaphysical knowledge can range from possibilities that are beyond the scope of what we know to be physically true. Mystical Experience and Philosophy Maritain discusses the three forms of wisdom where wisdom is defined as “a supreme form of knowledge having a universal object and proceeding from first principles."

  6. Why is there anything at all? - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Why_is_there_anything_at_all?

    This question has been written about by philosophers since at least the ancient Parmenides (c. 515 BC). [1] [2]"Why is there anything at all?" or "Why is there something rather than nothing?" is a question about the reason for basic existence which has been raised or commented on by a range of philosophers and physicists, including Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, [3] Ludwig Wittgenstein, [4] and ...

  7. Stephen Mumford - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Mumford

    Mumford, along with several other figures in the field of metaphysics, including David Armstrong, were involved collaboratively in providing insight on Molnar's work, and on him as a person, but the editing was left to Mumford, as was the writing of an introductory chapter to correctly present and establish the material laid out - something ...

  8. Alcohol deaths have more than doubled in recent years ...

    www.aol.com/alcohol-deaths-more-doubled-recent...

    From 1999 to 2020, the number of alcohol-related deaths has nearly doubled, according to Florida Atlantic University study. A researcher and addiction specialists discuss the risk factors.

  9. Vitalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitalism

    "It is, therefore, unwarranted to continue the statement that in addition to the acceleration of oxidations the beginning of individual life is determined by the entrance of a metaphysical "life principle" into the egg; and that death is determined, aside from the cessation of oxidations, by the departure of this "principle" from the body.