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Gum arabic (gum acacia, gum sudani, Senegal gum and by other names [a]) is a tree gum exuded by two species of Acacia sensu lato, Senegalia senegal [2] and Vachellia seyal. However, the term "gum arabic" does not actually indicate a particular botanical source. [ 1 ]
Vachellia nilotica, more commonly known as Acacia nilotica, and by the vernacular names of gum arabic tree, [5] babul, [6] thorn mimosa, Egyptian acacia or thorny acacia, [7] is a flowering tree in the family Fabaceae. It is native to Africa, the Middle East and the Indian subcontinent.
Gum arabic: A natural gum sourced from hardened sap of various species of acacia tree used in ancient birth control as well as a binder and emulsifier for medicinal compounds. [3] [4] Achillea millefolium: Common yarrow Purported to be a diaphoretic, astringent, [5] tonic, stimulant and mild aromatic. Actaea racemosa: Black cohosh
The gum is drained from cuts in the bark, and an individual tree will yield 200 to 300 grams (7 to 10 oz). Eighty percent of the world's gum arabic is produced in Sudan. [6] The Chauhatan area of Barmer district in Rajasthan is also famous for gum production, this is called कुम्मट [7] (Kummat) in local language there.
Humans have used natural gums for various purposes, including chewing and the manufacturing of a wide range of products – such as varnish and lacquerware.Before the invention of synthetic equivalents, trade in gum formed part of the economy in places such as the Arabian peninsula (whence the name "gum arabic"), West Africa, [3] East Africa and northern New Zealand ().
Arabinogalactan, also known as galactoarabinan, larch arabinogalactan, and larch gum, is a biopolymer consisting of arabinose and galactose monosaccharides. Two classes of arabinogalactans are found in nature: plant arabinogalactan and microbial arabinogalactan. In plants, it is a major component of many gums, including gum arabic and gum ghatti.
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In old recipes, gum arabic is added, [8] in the belief that it prevents the sugar from crystallizing and adds a smooth texture. [7] Some recipes omit the gum arabic, [9] thus are just simple syrup, considering the gum undesired, [7] or to reduce cost. [10] Gomme syrup is an ingredient commonly used in mixed drinks. [7]