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A peptide bond forms when the carboxylic acid group (R-C [O]OH) of one amino acid reacts with the amine group (R-NH 2) of another. The resulting molecule is an amide with a C–N bond (R-C (O)-NH-R).
Peptide hydrolysis catalyzed by carboxypeptidase or thermolysin can attain k cat values of 10 4 s-1. Organic chemistry teaches us that amide hydrolysis is relatively efficiently catalyzed by acids and bases.
Peptide Bond Hydrolysis. Peptide bond hydrolysis is the primary step of all reactions involving protein hydrolysis. The hydrolysis process occurs in the presence of water and is catalyzed by the presence of acid. It is essential in some synthetic reactions where amino acids in one peptide are cleaved and transferred to another peptide.
Chymotrypsin is a proteolytic enzyme of the pancreas (MW 24,500) that catalyzes the hydrolysis of peptide bonds to the aromatic amino acids, tyrosine, tryptophan, and phenylalanine, more rapidly than to other amino acids.
The hydrolysis of a peptide bond refers to the cleavage of the bond between two amino acids in a peptide or protein chain, facilitated by the addition of a water molecule. This process is crucial in biological systems for the digestion and breakdown of proteins.
Peptide bond hydrolysis is a key player in protein breakdown, turning proteins back into their basic building blocks – amino acids [1]. This process involves water, hence the term ‘hydrolysis’. Water molecules split peptide bonds linking amino acids together.
Proteolysis is the hydrolysis of the peptide bonds that hold proteins together, resulting in the breakdown of proteins into their key components, peptides and amino acids.
That's not surprising because what biologists and biochemists call a peptide link (in proteins, for example) is what chemists call an amide link. With an amide like ethanamide, the carbon-nitrogen bond in the amide group is broken and you get a carboxylic acid formed: \[CH_3CONH_2 + H_2O + H^+ \rightarrow CH_3COOH + NH_4^+\]
The resulting link between the amino acids is an amide link which biochemists call a peptide bond. In this reaction, water is released. In a reverse reaction, the peptide bond can be cleaved by water (hydrolysis).
A peptide bond can be broken by hydrolysis (the addition of water). The hydrolysis of peptide bonds in water releases 8–16 kJ/mol (2–4 kcal/mol) of Gibbs energy. [9] This process is extremely slow, with the half life at 25 °C of between 350 and 600 years per bond. [10]