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The first four wire switch (four wire-tops, i.e., it provided toll switching and operator services) was placed in service in Thunder Bay circa 1972. The operator service consoles (CRTs) used an Intel 4004 processor. The next generation of systems evolved from the SP1 design to replace the analog switch with a digital technology.
Connection was made via a crossbar switch. A SP1 2-wire variant was also available that provided Centrex services. A version of the SP-1 ESS that could provide both 2 & 4 wire services was also built. The first instance was installed in Vegreville Alberta in 1976 or 1977. SP1 4-Wire (Toll)
The 1AESS central office switch was a plug compatible, higher capacity upgrade from 1ESS with a faster 1A processor that incorporated the existing instruction set for programming compatibility, and used smaller remreed switches, fewer relays, and featured disk storage. [2] It was in service from 1976 to 2017.
With the advances of digital electronics starting in the 1960s telephone switches employed semiconductor device components in increasing measure. In the late 20th century most telephone exchanges without TDM processing were eliminated and the term electronic switching system became largely a historical distinction for the older SPC systems.
Internal connections to the time switch (network) are on 2.56 Mbit/s (DS-30) Speech Links, each carrying thirty channels plus synchronization and data channels, on four wires plus a ground wire. Connections to the network are handled by the NT6X40AA DS-30 interface card on an LGC or LTC and these link may also be DS-512 optical interfaces.
Two-wire circuits in new installations are limited to intercom and military field telephone applications, though these too are being supplanted by modern digital communication modes. To communicate in both directions in the same wire pair, conversion between four-wire and two-wire was necessary, both at the telephone and at the central office .
The standalone VCDX was also capable of serving as a switch for very small wire centers (a CDX- Community dial office) of fewer than ~400 lines. However, for small wire centers, 400-4000 lines, that function was usually served by RSM's, a 5ESS "Remote SM", ORM's or Wired ORM's. The RSM is controlled by T1 lines connected to a DLTU unit.
A telephone switch is the switching equipment of an exchange. A wire center is the area served by a particular switch or central office. A concentrator is a device that concentrates traffic, be it remote or co-located with the switch. An off-hook condition represents a circuit that is in use, e.g., when a telephone call is in progress.