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Bacterial transposons are especially good at facilitating horizontal gene transfer between microbes. Transposition facilitates the transfer and accumulation of antibiotic resistance genes . In bacteria, transposable elements can easily jump between the chromosomal genome and plasmids .
A bacterial DNA transposon. A transposable element (TE), also transposon, or jumping gene, is a type of mobile genetic element, a nucleic acid sequence in DNA that can change its position within a genome, sometimes creating or reversing mutations and altering the cell's genetic identity and genome size.
The use of transposons is well-developed in Drosophila (in which P elements are most commonly used) and in Thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) and bacteria such as Escherichia coli (E. coli ). [1] [2] Currently transposons can be used in genetic research and recombinant genetic engineering for insertional mutagenesis.
Transposase (Tnp) Tn5 is a member of the RNase superfamily of proteins which includes retroviral integrases.Tn5 can be found in Shewanella and Escherichia bacteria. [5] The transposon codes for antibiotic resistance to kanamycin and other aminoglycoside antibiotics.
Transposons are present in all living things and in giant viruses. [8] DNA transposons: These are transposons that move directly from one position to another in the genome using a transposase to cut and stick at another locus. [9] These genetic elements are cleaved at four single stranded sites in DNA by transposase.
Bacteria are classified by their shape. Bacteria have been on this planet for approximately 3.5 billion years, and are classified by their shape. [9] Bacterial genetics studies the mechanisms of their heritable information, their chromosomes, plasmids, transposons, and phages.
Bacteriophages that have the ability to insert into and excise from bacterial chromosomes. Transposons that, besides their inherent transposable activity, can additionally be subject to horizontal gene transfer via conjugation. Conjugative plasmids that transfer from donor to recipient bacteria via conjugation.
Therefore, genome-wide analysis is feasible if transposons are positioned throughout the genome in a mutant collection. [ 5 ] Transposon sequencing requires the creation of a transposon insertion library, which will contain a group of mutants that collectively have transposon insertions in all non-essential genes.