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This is thought to help the animals move to new feeding grounds and avoid predators. [6] The sea cucumber ranges in size from 11 to 25 centimeters (4.3 to 9.8 in). [7] Its most distinct feature is its coloring, which is dictated by size: small enypniastes are a bright pink, and larger individuals are a more reddish-brown color.
Aquaculture means the sea cucumbers are farmed in contained areas where they can be cultured in a controlled manner. In China, sea cucumbers are cultured, along with prawns and some fish species, in integrated multi-trophic systems. In these systems, the sea cucumbers feed on the waste and feces from the other species.
Smelt have traditionally been caught by Māori in the past in scoop nets known as Hinaki. The fish could then be eaten fresh or dried in the sun to preserve them. [8] Smelt were known to the Māori as pōrohe and paraki. Smelt also has another name, the cucumber fish, due to its distinctive smell when it has been caught. [2]
[1] [3] [5] Fish and shrimp also release organic nutrients which feed shellfish and deposit feeders. [ 5 ] [ 26 ] [ 29 ] Species such as shellfish that occupy intermediate trophic levels often play a dual role, both filtering organic bottom-level organisms from the water and generating some ammonia. [ 5 ]
The Philippine balatan or sea cucumber breeding/harvesting. Sea cucumbers destined for food are traditionally harvested by hand from small watercraft, a process called "trepanging" after the Indonesian Malay word for sea cucumber teripang. [3] They are dried for preservation, and must be rehydrated by boiling and soaking in water for several days.
Sea apple is the common name for the colorful and somewhat round sea cucumbers of the genus Pseudocolochirus, found in Indo-Pacific waters. [2] [3] Sea apples are filter feeders with tentacles, ovate bodies, and tube-like feet. As with many other holothurians, they can release their internal organs or a toxin into the water when stressed. [3] [4]
The tentacles are particularly vulnerable to predation by fish, but if they taste nasty, that enables the sea cucumber to spend a greater proportion of its time feeding, rather than having to keep retracting its tentacles whenever a fish approaches. [6] There are also some cup-shaped structures on the inside of the tentacles near the stem.
Holothuria forskali, the black sea cucumber or cotton-spinner is a species of sea cucumber in the family Holothuriidae. It is found at shallow depths in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. It was placed in the subgenus Panningothuria by Rowe in 1969 and is the type taxon of the subgenus. [3]