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Just as with allergic rhinitis, people can have either seasonal or perennial local allergic rhinitis. The symptoms of local allergic rhinitis can be mild, moderate, or severe. Local allergic rhinitis is associated with conjunctivitis and asthma. [42] In one study, about 25% of people with rhinitis had local allergic rhinitis. [45]
It is a common symptom of allergies or certain viral infections, such as the common cold or COVID-19. It can be a side effect of crying, exposure to cold temperatures, cocaine abuse, [2] or drug withdrawal, such as from methadone or other opioids. [3] Treatment for rhinorrhea may be aimed at reducing symptoms or treating underlying causes.
Common allergic diseases include allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma and atopic dermatitis with varying symptoms, including runny nose, watery eyes, itchiness, coughing, and shortness of breath. More than one-third of the world's population is currently being affected by one or more allergic conditions.
Rhinitis is very common. Allergic rhinitis is more common in some countries than others; in the United States, about 10–30% of adults are affected annually. [12] Mixed rhinitis (MR) refers to patients with nonallergic rhinitis and allergic rhinitis. MR is a specific rhinitis subtype. It may represent between 50 and 70% of all AR patients.
Cetirizine is a second-generation antihistamine used to treat allergic rhinitis (hay fever), dermatitis, and urticaria (hives). [5] It is taken by mouth. [6] Effects generally begin within thirty minutes and last for about a day. [6] The degree of benefit is similar to other antihistamines such as diphenhydramine, which is a first-generation ...
Non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) is a condition in which there are symptoms of rhinitis, including rhinorrhea and nasal obstruction, but with negative skin and serum allergy testing results. [7] It can be further categorized into: [citation needed] Non-allergic rhinitis with eosinophilia (NARES) Hormonal rhinitis (such as during pregnancy)
The term "Empty Nose Syndrome" was first used by Eugene Kern and Monika Stenkvist of the Mayo Clinic in 1994. [3] Kern and Eric Moore published a case study of 242 people with secondary atrophic rhinitis in 2001 and were the first to attribute the cause to prior sinonasal surgery in the scientific literature.
H 1-antihistamines are clinically used in the treatment of histamine-mediated allergic conditions. These indications may include: [4] Allergic rhinitis; Allergic conjunctivitis; Allergic dermatological conditions (contact dermatitis) Rhinorrhea (runny nose) Urticaria; Angioedema; Diarrhea; Pruritus (atopic dermatitis, insect bites)