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  2. Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PolishLithuanian...

    Kingdom of Prussia. PolandLithuania, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania[ b ] and also referred to as the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth[ c ] or the First Polish Republic, [ d ][ 9 ][ 10 ] was a federative real union [ 11 ] of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania between 1569 and 1795.

  3. Flag of Poland - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Poland

    The national flag of Poland (flaga Polski [ˈfla.ɡa ˈpɔl.ski]) consists of two horizontal stripes of equal width, the upper one white and the lower one red. The two colours are defined in the Polish constitution as the national colours. A variant of the flag with the national coat of arms in the middle of the white fess is legally reserved ...

  4. National symbols of Poland - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_symbols_of_Poland

    During the times of the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth, the Latin expression Pro Fide, Lege et Rege ("For Faith, Law and King") was in use. [15] National bell The Sigismund Bell (Dzwon Zygmunt or Dzwon Zygmunta). Named after King Sigismund I of Poland and cast in 1520, it hangs at Wawel Cathedral in Kraków. At present, it is the second ...

  5. Union of Lublin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_of_Lublin

    The Union of Lublin (Polish: Unia lubelska; Lithuanian: Liublino unija) was signed on 1 July 1569 in Lublin, Poland, and created a single state, the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth, one of the largest countries in Europe at the time. It replaced the personal union of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with a ...

  6. Polish–Lithuanian identity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PolishLithuanian_identity

    Self-identifications during the existence of the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth often made use of the Latin ' gens -natione' construct (familial or ethnic origin combined with a national identity). [7] The construct was used by the elite inhabitants of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, by the Ruthenian (Ukrainian and Belarusian) elites, and in ...

  7. Coat of arms of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Polish...

    The coat of arms of the Commonwealth combined the coat of arms of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which are depicted as follows: Coat of arms of Poland, the White Eagle. Coat of arms of Lithuania, the White Knight. During the Commonwealth, an inescutcheon contained the personal or family arms of the reigning monarch.

  8. Coat of arms of Lithuania - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Lithuania

    Coat of arms of Lithuania Lietuvos herbas Vytis (Pogonia, Pahonia) Armiger Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Republic of Lithuania Adopted 1366 (first documented) 4 September 1991 (1991-09-04) (current official version) Shield Gules, an armoured knight armed cap-à-pie mounted on a horse salient holding in his dexter hand a sword Argent above his head. A shield Azure hangs on the sinister shoulder ...

  9. Polish heraldry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_heraldry

    Polish heraldry. Coat of arms of Poland. Polish heraldry is the study of the coats of arms that have historically been used in Poland and the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth. It treats of specifically Polish heraldic traits and of the Polish heraldic system, contrasted with heraldic systems used elsewhere, notably in Western Europe.