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Kingdom of Prussia. Poland–Lithuania, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania[ b ] and also referred to as the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth[ c ] or the First Polish Republic, [ d ][ 9 ][ 10 ] was a federative real union [ 11 ] of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania between 1569 and 1795.
The coat of arms of the Commonwealth combined the coat of arms of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which are depicted as follows: Coat of arms of Poland, the White Eagle. Coat of arms of Lithuania, the White Knight. During the Commonwealth, an inescutcheon contained the personal or family arms of the reigning monarch.
The national flag of Poland (flaga Polski [ˈfla.ɡa ˈpɔl.ski]) consists of two horizontal stripes of equal width, the upper one white and the lower one red. The two colours are defined in the Polish constitution as the national colours. A variant of the flag with the national coat of arms in the middle of the white fess is legally reserved ...
Self-identifications during the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth often made use of the Latin ' gens -natione' construct (familial or ethnic origin combined with a national identity). [7] The construct was used by the elite inhabitants of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, by the Ruthenian (Ukrainian and Belarusian) elites, and in ...
Polish heraldry. Coat of arms of Poland. Polish heraldry is the study of the coats of arms that have historically been used in Poland and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It treats of specifically Polish heraldic traits and of the Polish heraldic system, contrasted with heraldic systems used elsewhere, notably in Western Europe.
The Polish–Lithuanian Union had become an influential player in Europe and a significant cultural entity. In the second half of the 16th and the first half of the 17th century, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was a huge state in central-eastern Europe, with an area approaching one million square kilometers.
During the times of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Latin expression Pro Fide, Lege et Rege ("For Faith, Law and King") was in use. [15] National bell The Sigismund Bell (Dzwon Zygmunt or Dzwon Zygmunta). Named after King Sigismund I of Poland and cast in 1520, it hangs at Wawel Cathedral in Kraków. At present, it is the second ...
The Union of Lublin (Polish: Unia lubelska; Lithuanian: Liublino unija) was signed on 1 July 1569 in Lublin, Poland, and created a single state, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the largest countries in Europe at the time. It replaced the personal union of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with a ...