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This glossary of genetics and evolutionary biology is a list of definitions of terms and concepts used in the study of genetics and evolutionary biology, as well as sub-disciplines and related fields, with an emphasis on classical genetics, quantitative genetics, population biology, phylogenetics, speciation, and systematics.
A 2019 review by Svensson and David Berger concluded that "we find little support for mutation bias as an independent force in adaptive evolution, although it can interact with selection under conditions of small population size and when standing genetic variation is limited, entirely consistent with standard evolutionary theory."
The theory is based on the idea that ageing occurs over time due to the damage of the DNA. As an example, studies of mammalian brain and muscle have shown that DNA repair capability is relatively high during early development when cells are dividing mitotically, but declines substantially as cells enter the post-mitotic state. [28] [29] [30]
Evolutionary dynamics – Study of mathematical principles in evolutionary biology; Evolutionary game theory – Application of game theory to evolving populations in biology; Evolutionary graph theory – Approach to studying how topology affects evolution of a population
Molecular evolution describes how inherited DNA and/or RNA change over evolutionary time, and the consequences of this for proteins and other components of cells and organisms. Molecular evolution is the basis of phylogenetic approaches to describing the tree of life .
Recurrent evolution also referred to as repeated [1] [2] or replicated [3] evolution is the repeated evolution of a particular trait, character, or mutation. [4] Most evolution is the result of drift , often interpreted as the random chance of some alleles being passed down to the next generation and others not.
Neutral mutation has become a part of the neutral theory of molecular evolution, proposed in the 1960s. This theory suggests that neutral mutations are responsible for a large portion of DNA sequence changes in a species. For example, bovine and human insulin, while differing in amino acid sequence are still able to perform the same function ...
A number of different Markov models of DNA sequence evolution have been proposed. [1] These substitution models differ in terms of the parameters used to describe the rates at which one nucleotide replaces another during evolution.