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Necrotic bone and inflammation histology slide. The current etiology or origin of this disease is unknown. Some studies theorized that bone remodeling is maintained in a microenvironment in the FH meaning that there is a greater local component to changes to the femoral head than the normal systemic way that bone remodeling is handled throughout the body.
The femur (/ ˈ f iː m ər /; pl.: femurs or femora / ˈ f ɛ m ər ə /), [1] [2] or thigh bone, is the only bone in the thigh — the region of the lower limb between the hip and the knee. In many four-legged animals the femur is the upper bone of the hindleg.
In vertebrate anatomy, the hip, or coxa [1] (pl.: coxae) in medical terminology, refers to either an anatomical region or a joint on the outer (lateral) side of the pelvis.. The hip region is located lateral and anterior to the gluteal region, inferior to the iliac crest, and lateral to the obturator foramen, with muscle tendons and soft tissues overlying the greater trochanter of the femur. [2]
A third line is drawn down the axis of femur. The angle between the perpendicular line and the femoral shaft line is the angle. The angle is measured bilaterally. The slipped side is then subtracted from the normal side. The number calculated determines the severity. Mild is classified by < 30°. Moderate is 30°-50°.
Femoral torsion is the angle between a line along the femoral head and neck axis and a second line that is touching the posterior border of both femoral condyles. The normal value at birth is approximately 32° and decreases gradually with age. In adults, the normal value ranges from 10° to 20°. [1]
Front X-ray of right knee of an adolescent (epiphyseal plates are open): arrows point to avascular necrosis and developing osteochondritis dissecans in the outer medial condyle of femur. In the early stages, bone scintigraphy and MRI are the preferred diagnostic tools. [18] [19] X-ray images of avascular necrosis in the early stages usually ...
A radiograph of a left hip joint, which reveals a thin, curvilinear lucent line parallel to the cortical margin of the femoral head, in a patient with avascular necrosis. In radiology , the crescent sign is a finding on conventional radiographs that is associated with avascular necrosis .
On a normal radiograph, the line intersects the inferior pole of the patella, and so can be useful in diagnosing a broken femur as well as a patellar tendon rupture. It also helps to define "Schottle point" intra-operatively for reconstruction of MPFL(Medial patello-femoral ligament.) [3] It may also be used to describe the course of an ACL graft.