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If concrete is fully dried, it does not creep, but it is next to impossible to dry concrete fully without severe cracking. Fig. 1. Changes of pore water content due to drying or wetting processes cause significant volume changes of concrete in load-free specimens.
Concrete, like most consolidated hard rocks, is a material very resistant to compression but which cannot withstand tension, especially internal tensions. Its tensile strength is about 10 times lower than its compressive strength.
The deep soil mixing columns are typically 0.6 to 2.4 m in diameter and depths of up to 50m can be reached depending on the nature of the ground conditions and the technique employed. [1] Steel reinforcement can be inserted into fresh soil-mix to increase bending resistance of deep soil mixing columns used for excavation control. [ 2 ]
A pervious concrete street in 2005. Pervious concrete (also called porous concrete, permeable concrete, no fines concrete and porous pavement) is a special type of concrete with a high porosity used for concrete flatwork applications that allows water from precipitation and other sources to pass directly through, thereby reducing the runoff from a site and allowing groundwater recharge.
Sulfate attack typically happens to ground floor slabs in contact with soils containing a source of sulfates. [2] Sulfates dissolved by ground moisture migrate into the concrete of the slab where they react with different mineral phases of the hardened cement paste. The attack arises from soils containing SO 2−
Permeable interlocking concrete pavements are concrete units with open, permeable spaces between the units. [ 28 ] : 2 More recently manufacturers have introduced styles with smaller joint allowing for better ADA compliance and still capturing a significant amount of stormwater.
Sha'at and P. A. M. Basheer, "A controlled permeability formwork liner - its effects onsurface absorption and permeability of concrete", Proceedings, 2nd International Conference on Inspection, Appraisal, Repairs and Maintenance of Building and Structures, Jakarta, Indonesia, Eds:, Vol. CI-Premier Conference, Singapore, 1992, 28-29 September ...
The ultimate strength of concrete is influenced by the water-cementitious ratio (w/cm), the design constituents, and the mixing, placement and curing methods employed.All things being equal, concrete with a lower water-cement (cementitious) ratio makes a stronger concrete than that with a higher ratio. [2]
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