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Aortic valve replacement is a cardiac surgery procedure whereby a failing aortic valve is replaced with an artificial heart valve. The aortic valve may need to be replaced because of aortic regurgitation (back flow), or if the valve is narrowed by stenosis .
Valve sparing aortic root replacement (VSARR) is an alternative procedure to the composite aortic valve graft (CAGVR, Bentall procedure). A notable benefit of VSARR is the reduced need for anticoagulation, as the patient's own aortic valve is spared and does not need to be replaced with a mechanical or bioprosthetic valve. [11]
Tissue valves are less durable than mechanical valves, typically lasting 10–20 years. [20] This means that people with bioprosthetic valves have a higher incidence of requiring another aortic valve replacement in their lifetime. [16] Bioprosthetic valves tend to deteriorate more quickly in younger patients. [21]
Contrary to valve replacement with mechanical prostheses inhibition of the blood clotting system (anticoagulation) is not necessary after aortic valve repair. Blood-thinning may only be necessary if atrial fibrillation occurs or persists in order to prevent blood clot formation in the left atrium.
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is the implantation of the aortic valve of the heart through the blood vessels without actual removal of the native valve (as opposed to the aortic valve replacement by open heart surgery, surgical aortic valve replacement, AVR).
Diagram of the human heart. Several adaptations of the Ross procedure have evolved, but the principle is essentially the same; to replace a diseased aortic valve with the person's own pulmonary valve (autograft), and replace the person's own pulmonary valve with a pulmonary valve from a cadaver (homograft) or a stentless xenograft.
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