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Penguins are a group of aquatic flightless birds from the family Spheniscidae (/ s f ɪ ˈ n ɪ s ɪ d iː,-d aɪ /) of the order Sphenisciformes (/ s f ɪ ˈ n ɪ s ə f ɔːr m iː z /). [4] They live almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere: only one species, the Galápagos penguin, is found north of the Equator.
The majestic Emperor Penguin is most renowned for being the largest penguin species in the glacial habitat of Antarctica, widely recognized by the yellow patch on their neck. These endearing birds ...
Due to their warm environment, Galápagos penguins have developed techniques to stay cool. The feathers on their back, flippers, and head are black, and they have a white belly and a stripe looping from their eyes down to their neck and chin. Each penguin keeps only one mate, [5] and breeds year-round.
Penguins evolved their wing structure to become more efficient underwater at the cost of their efficiency in the air. [ 28 ] The only known species of flightless bird in which wings completely disappeared was the gigantic, herbivorous moa of New Zealand , hunted to extinction by humans by the 15th century.
Humboldt penguin swimming. Penguin wings evolved into short, strong flippers causing flightlessness. [1] This green turtle is about to break the surface for air at Kona, Hawaii. A flipper is a broad, flattened limb adapted for aquatic locomotion. It refers to the fully webbed, swimming appendages of aquatic vertebrates that are not fish.
The emperor penguin breeds in the coldest environment of any bird species; air temperatures may reach −40 °C (−40 °F), and wind speeds may reach 144 km/h (89 mph). Water temperature is a frigid −1.8 °C (28.8 °F), which is much lower than the emperor penguin's average body temperature of 39 °C (102 °F).
Chinstrap penguin. Penguins are birds in the family Spheniscidae in the monotypic order Sphenisciformes. [1] They inhabit high-productivity marine habitats, almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere; the only species to occur north of the Equator is the Galapagos penguin.
In contrast, birds that use their feet to swim and are more proficient flyers have higher swim costs than wing-propelled divers such as auks and penguins. [ 9 ] As an intensification of the progressive reduction of wing size in auks, the evolution of flippers in penguins was at the expense of their flying capabilities.
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