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  2. Broken plural - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broken_plural

    A statistical analysis of a list of the 3000 most frequent Arabic words shows that 978 (59%) of the 1670 most frequent nominal forms take a sound plural, while the remaining 692 (41%) take a broken plural. [4] Another estimate of all existing nominal forms gives over 90,000 forms with a sound plural and just 9540 with a broken one. [4]

  3. T–V distinction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T–V_distinction

    Sometimes, a singular V-form derives from a third-person pronoun; in German and some Nordic languages, it is the third-person plural. Some languages have separate T and V forms for both singular and plural, others have the same form and others have a T–V distinction only in the singular. Different languages distinguish pronoun uses in ...

  4. T–V distinction in the world's languages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T–V_distinction_in_the...

    The distinction between Bokmål and Nynorsk exists primarily for written Norwegian (most Norwegians speak dialects that differ from the standard written forms), and the T–V rules are the same for both forms—except that Bokmål uses the third person plural to indicate politeness (as in German), while Nynorsk uses the second person plural (as ...

  5. Hindustani grammar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_grammar

    In Urdu, many Arabic words may retain their original dual and plural markings in Urdu. i.e. vālid "father" → vālidain "parents". The -iyā ending is also not always a reliable indicator of gender or noun type. Some words such as pahiyā ('wheel') and Persian takiyā ('pillow') are masculine type-I: pahiye ('wheels'), takiye ('pillows').

  6. Dual (grammatical number) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual_(grammatical_number)

    Dual (abbreviated DU) is a grammatical number that some languages use in addition to singular and plural.When a noun or pronoun appears in dual form, it is interpreted as referring to precisely two of the entities (objects or persons) identified by the noun or pronoun acting as a single unit or in unison.

  7. Pashto alphabet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashto_alphabet

    At the end of verbs it is used to form verbal participle in the masculine. ^2 If ۍ ends a word it always indicates that the word it occurs in is feminine. ^3 If ئ occurs at the end of a verb, it indicates the verb is in second person plural form. ^4 If ې appears at end of nouns and adjectives it indicates that those are feminine.

  8. Persian and Urdu - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_and_Urdu

    Hindustani (sometimes called Hindi–Urdu) is a colloquial language and lingua franca of Pakistan and the Hindi Belt of India. It forms a dialect continuum between its two formal registers: the highly Persianized Urdu, and the de-Persianized, Sanskritized Hindi. [2] Urdu uses a modification of the Persian alphabet, whereas Hindi uses Devanagari ...

  9. Vocative case - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocative_case

    In Hindi-Urdu , the vocative case has the same form as the nominative case for all singular nouns except for the singular masculine nouns that terminate in the vowel आ /aː/ ā and for all nouns in their plural forms the vocative case is always distinct from the nominative case. [9] Adjectives in Hindi-Urdu also have a vocative case form.