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  2. Pauli exclusion principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauli_exclusion_principle

    The Pauli exclusion principle helps explain a wide variety of physical phenomena. One particularly important consequence of the principle is the elaborate electron shell structure of atoms and the way atoms share electrons

  3. Fermi–Dirac statistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi–Dirac_statistics

    Fermi–Dirac statistics is a type of quantum statistics that applies to the physics of a system consisting of many non-interacting, identical particles that obey the Pauli exclusion principle. A result is the Fermi–Dirac distribution of particles over energy states.

  4. Fermi heap and Fermi hole - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi_heap_and_Fermi_hole

    Fermi heap and Fermi hole refer to two closely related quantum phenomena that occur in many-electron atoms. They arise due to the Pauli exclusion principle, according to which no two electrons can be in the same quantum state in a system (which, accounting for electrons' spin, means that there can be up to two electrons in the same orbital).

  5. Electron degeneracy pressure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_degeneracy_pressure

    Fermions, like the proton or the neutron, follow Pauli's principle and Fermi–Dirac statistics. In general, for an ensemble of non-interacting fermions, also known as a Fermi gas , each particle can be treated independently with a single-fermion energy given by the purely kinetic term, E = p 2 2 m , {\displaystyle E={\frac {p^{2}}{2m}},} where ...

  6. Degenerate matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degenerate_matter

    Following the Pauli exclusion principle, there can be only one fermion occupying each quantum state. In a degenerate gas, all quantum states are filled up to the Fermi energy. Most stars are supported against their own gravitation by normal thermal gas pressure, while in white dwarf stars the supporting force comes from the degeneracy pressure ...

  7. Fermi gas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi_gas

    The Fermi temperature is defined as = , where is the Boltzmann constant. The Fermi ... The reason is due to Pauli exclusion principle, ...

  8. Enrico Fermi - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrico_Fermi

    After Wolfgang Pauli formulated his exclusion principle in 1925, Fermi followed with a paper in which he applied the principle to an ideal gas, employing a statistical formulation now known as Fermi–Dirac statistics. Today, particles that obey the exclusion principle are called "fermions".

  9. Fermion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion

    In particle physics, a fermion is a subatomic particle that follows Fermi–Dirac statistics. Fermions have a half-integer spin (spin ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠, spin ⁠ 3 / 2 ⁠, etc.) and obey the Pauli exclusion principle.