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At room temperature, fluorine is a gas of diatomic molecules, [5] pale yellow when pure (sometimes described as yellow-green). [42] It has a characteristic halogen-like pungent and biting odor detectable at 20 ppb. [43]
Henri Moissan's 1892 record of fluorine gas color, viewed end-on in a 5‑m tube. Air (1) is on the left, fluorine (2) is in the middle, chlorine (3) is on the right. Fluorine forms diatomic molecules (F 2) that are gaseous at room temperature with a density about 1.3 times that of air.
Manganese tetrafluoride is an unstable solid that decomposes even at room temperature. [62] Only one of the two allotropes, α-MnF 4 , is understood. In this compound, manganese forms –MnF 6 – octahedra which share bridging fluorines to make –Mn 4 F 20 – rings which are then further connected three dimensionally.
The group of halogens is the only periodic table group that contains elements in three of the main states of matter at standard temperature and pressure, though not far above room temperature the same becomes true of groups 1 and 15, assuming white phosphorus is taken as the standard state. [n 1] All of the halogens form acids when bonded to ...
Due to strong and extensive hydrogen bonding, it boils near room temperature, a much higher temperature than other hydrogen halides. Hydrogen fluoride is an extremely dangerous gas, forming corrosive and penetrating hydrofluoric acid upon contact with moisture. The gas can also cause blindness by rapid destruction of the corneas.
Among alkaline-earth fluorides, barium-tin fluoride (BaSnF 4) has been investigated because of its relatively high ionic conductivity at room temperature, on the order of 10 −4 S cm −1. Despite the increased ionic conductivity, the low electrochemical stability window of Sn 2+ prevents the use of reducing metals as anodes, decreasing the ...
Eggs emulsify better at room temperature and have a different mouth feel versus when they are cold. If cream is left out at room temperature, it will not whip up properly. Milk and yogurt can ...
In regular cold matter, quarks, fundamental particles of nuclear matter, are confined by the strong force into hadrons that consist of 2–4 quarks, such as protons and neutrons. Quark matter or quantum chromodynamical (QCD) matter is a group of phases where the strong force is overcome and quarks are deconfined and free to move.