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In solid-state physics, metal-induced gap states are electron states that exist near the surface of a semiconductor due to the presence of a metal on the surface. They have energies that fall within the semiconductor's bandgap thus are forbidden in the bulk of the semiconductor.
Shown is the graphical definition of the Schottky barrier height, Φ B, for an n-type semiconductor as the difference between the interfacial conduction band edge E C and Fermi level E F. Whether a given metal-semiconductor junction is an ohmic contact or a Schottky barrier depends on the Schottky barrier height, Φ B, of the junction.
A pseudogap can be seen with several different experimental methods. One of the first observations was in NMR measurements of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6+x by H. Alloul et al. [7] and by specific heat measurements by Loram et al. [8] The pseudogap is also apparent in ARPES (Angle Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy) and STM (Scanning tunneling microscope) data, which can measure the density of states of ...
The total energy gap is then E gap = U − 2zt, where z is the number of nearest-neighbor atoms. In general, Mott insulators occur when the repulsive Coulomb potential U is large enough to create an energy gap. One of the simplest theories of Mott insulators is the 1963 Hubbard model.
In theoretical chemistry, Marcus theory is a theory originally developed by Rudolph A. Marcus, starting in 1956, to explain the rates of electron transfer reactions – the rate at which an electron can move or jump from one chemical species (called the electron donor) to another (called the electron acceptor). [1]
The perovskite structure of BSCCO, a high-temperature superconductor and a strongly correlated material.. Strongly correlated materials are a wide class of compounds that include insulators and electronic materials, and show unusual (often technologically useful) electronic and magnetic properties, such as metal-insulator transitions, heavy fermion behavior, half-metallicity, and spin-charge ...
The G1/S cell cycle checkpoint controls the passage of eukaryotic cells from the first gap phase, G1, into the DNA synthesis phase, S. In this switch in mammalian cells, there are two cell cycle kinases that help to control the checkpoint: cell cycle kinases CDK4/6-cyclin D and CDK2-cyclin E. [ 1 ] The transcription complex that includes Rb and ...
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, also known as triose phosphate or 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde and abbreviated as G3P, GA3P, GADP, GAP, TP, GALP or PGAL, is a metabolite that occurs as an intermediate in several central pathways of all organisms. [2] [3] With the chemical formula H(O)CCH(OH)CH 2 OPO 3 2-, this anion is a monophosphate ester of ...