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Rician fading occurs when one of the paths, typically a line of sight signal or some strong reflection signals, is much stronger than the others. In Rician fading, the amplitude gain is characterized by a Rician distribution. Rayleigh fading is sometimes considered a special case of Rician fading for when there is no line of sight signal.
Rayleigh fading is a statistical model for the effect of a propagation environment on a radio signal, such as that used by wireless devices.. Rayleigh fading models assume that the magnitude of a signal that has passed through such a transmission medium (also called a communication channel) will vary randomly, or fade, according to a Rayleigh distribution — the radial component of the sum of ...
The probability density function is (,) = ((+)) (),where I 0 (z) is the modified Bessel function of the first kind with order zero.. In the context of Rician fading, the distribution is often also rewritten using the Shape Parameter =, defined as the ratio of the power contributions by line-of-sight path to the remaining multipaths, and the Scale parameter = +, defined as the total power ...
Examples of fading models for the distribution of the attenuation are: Dispersive fading models, with several echoes, each exposed to different delay, gain and phase shift, often constant. This results in frequency selective fading and inter-symbol interference. The gains may be Rayleigh or Rician distributed.
The distribution is named after Lord Rayleigh (/ ˈ r eɪ l i /). [1] A Rayleigh distribution is often observed when the overall magnitude of a vector in the plane is related to its directional components. One example where the Rayleigh distribution naturally arises is when wind velocity is analyzed in two dimensions.
Where the magnitudes of the signals arriving by the various paths have a distribution known as the Rayleigh distribution, this is known as Rayleigh fading. Where one component (often, but not necessarily, a line of sight component) dominates, a Rician distribution provides a more accurate model, and this is known as Rician fading.
For starters, it involves something called the Rayleigh effect, or Rayleigh scattering. But that same phenomenon can also sometimes make skies look red or orange. Here's a breakdown of how and why ...
TWDP models fading due to the interference of two strong radio signals and numerous smaller, diffuse signals. TWDP is a generalized system using a statistical model to produce results. Other statistical methods for predicting fading, including Rayleigh fading and Rician fading, can be considered as special cases of the TWDP model. The TWDP ...