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In computer networking, a reliable protocol is a communication protocol that notifies the sender whether or not the delivery of data to intended recipients was successful. Reliability is a synonym for assurance , which is the term used by the ITU and ATM Forum , and leads to fault-tolerant messaging .
The path of communication is the path that a message travels between sender and recipient; in hierarchies the vertical line of communication is identical to command hierarchies. [4] Paths of communication can be physical (e.g. the road as transportation route) or non-physical (e.g. networks like a computer network ).
The distinction between online and offline is conventionally seen as the distinction between computer-mediated communication and face-to-face communication (e.g., face time), respectively. Online is virtuality or cyberspace , and offline is reality (i.e., real life or "meatspace" ).
Computer-mediated communication (CMC) is defined as any human communication that occurs through the use of two or more electronic devices. [1] While the term has traditionally referred to those communications that occur via computer-mediated formats (e.g., instant messaging, email, chat rooms, online forums, social network services), it has also been applied to other forms of text-based ...
While online gaming has been around since the 1970s, modern modes of online gaming began with subscription services such as GameSpy and MPlayer. [129] Non-subscribers were limited to certain types of game play or certain games. Many people use the Internet to access and download music, movies and other works for their enjoyment and relaxation.
The nature of communication, the actual data exchanged and any state-dependent behaviors, is defined by these specifications. In digital computing systems, the rules can be expressed by algorithms and data structures. Protocols are to communication what algorithms or programming languages are to computations. [3] [4]
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Quality of service is important for real-time streaming multimedia applications such as voice over IP, multiplayer online games and IPTV, since these often require fixed bit rate and are delay sensitive. Quality of service is especially important in networks where the capacity is a limited resource, for example in cellular data communication.