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The adverse side effects of amphetamine are many and varied, and the amount of amphetamine used is the primary factor in determining the likelihood and severity of adverse effects. [ 29 ] [ 41 ] Amphetamine products such as Adderall , Dexedrine, and their generic equivalents are currently approved by the U.S. FDA for long-term therapeutic use.
MDA is bought, sold, and used as a recreational drug due to its enhancement of mood and empathy. [8] A recreational dose of MDA is sometimes cited as being between 100 and 160 mg. [9] It produces MDMA-like effects, including entactogen and psychedelic effects. [2] [9] [10]
During World War II, amphetamine and methamphetamine were used extensively by Allied and Axis forces for their stimulant and performance-enhancing effects. [ 4 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ] As the addictive properties of the drugs became known, governments began to place strict controls on these drugs. [ 4 ]
Aphrodisiac. An aphrodisiac is a substance alleged to increase libido, sexual desire, sexual attraction, sexual pleasure, or sexual behavior. [1] [2] [3] These substances range from a variety of plants, spices, and foods to synthetic chemicals.
Amphetamine type stimulants can be used in the treatment of narcolepsy, a rare neurological disorder where the brain is unable to regulate the sleep-wake mechanism. [17] Amphetamines causes an increase in dopamine release, which is the proposed mechanism for its wake-promoting effect. [ 18 ]
para-Methoxyamphetamine (PMA), also known as 4-methoxyamphetamine (4-MA), is a designer drug of the amphetamine class with serotonergic effects. [2] [3] [4] Unlike other similar drugs of this family, PMA does not produce stimulant, euphoriant, or entactogen effects, [5] and behaves more like an antidepressant in comparison, [6] though it does have some psychedelic properties.
[1] [3] For comparison, mescaline is typically used at doses of 200 to 500 mg and is said to have a duration of 10 to 12 hours or longer. [4] TMA's positional isomer 2,4,5-trimethoxyamphetamine (2,4,5-TMA or TMA-2) is much more potent than TMA, with a dosage of 20 to 40 mg and a duration of 8 to 12 hours.
[5] [6] Its psychedelic effects are mediated by its agonistic properties at the 5-HT 2A receptor. Due to its selectivity, DOB is often used in scientific research when studying the 5-HT 2 receptor subfamily. It is a very weak agonist of the human trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) and a weak agonist of the rhesus monkey TAAR1.