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Nginx is free and open-source software, released under the terms of the 2-clause BSD license. A large fraction of web servers use Nginx, [10] often as a load balancer. [11] A company of the same name was founded in 2011 to provide support and NGINX Plus paid software. [12] In March 2019, the company was acquired by F5 for $670 million. [13]
Open redirect vulnerabilities are fairly common on the web. In June 2022, TechRadar found over 25 active examples of open redirect vulnerabilities on the web, including sites like Google and Instagram. [30] Open redirects have their own CWE identifier, CWE-601. [31] URL redirection also provides a mechanism to perform cross-site leak attacks ...
The HTTP response status code 302 Found is a common way of performing URL redirection. The HTTP/1.0 specification (RFC 1945) initially defined this code, and gave it the description phrase "Moved Temporarily" rather than "Found". An HTTP response with this status code will additionally provide a URL in the header field Location.
Example scenario: A client on the Internet (cloud on the left) makes a request to a reverse proxy server (red oval in the middle). The proxy inspects the request, determines that it is valid and that it does not have the requested resource in its own cache. It then forwards the request to some internal web server (oval on the right). The ...
412 Precondition Failed The server does not meet one of the preconditions that the requester put on the request header fields. 413 Payload Too Large The request is larger than the server is willing or able to process. Previously called "Request Entity Too Large". [16]: §10.4.14 414 URI Too Long The URI provided was too long for the server to ...
Internet Explorer version 6.0.2900.2180.xpsp_sp2_rtm requests "wpad.da" instead of "wpad.dat" from the Web server. If Windows Server 2003 (or later) is used as the DNS server, the DNS Server Global Query Block List may have to be disabled, or the registry can be modified to edit the list of blocked queries. [8] [9]
The threat involves using a PAC, discovered automatically by the system, to redirect the victim's browser traffic to an attacker-controlled server instead. Another issue with pac-file is that the typical implementation involve clear text http retrieval, which does not include any security features such as code signing or web certificates.
When a URI request for a file/directory is to be made, build a full path to the file/directory if it exists, and normalize all characters (e.g., %20 converted to spaces). It is assumed that a 'Document Root' fully qualified, normalized, path is known, and this string has a length N. Assume that no files outside this directory can be served.