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Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. [8] [9] In CLL, the bone marrow makes too many lymphocytes, which are a type of white blood cell. [8] [9] In patients with CLL, B cell lymphocytes can begin to collect in their blood, spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow.
Treatment can occasionally consist of "watchful waiting" (e.g., in CLL) or symptomatic treatment (e.g., blood transfusions in MDS). The more aggressive forms of disease require treatment with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and—in some cases—a bone marrow transplant.
Hematologists base CLL treatment on both the stage and symptoms of the individual person. A large group of people with CLL have low-grade disease, which does not benefit from treatment. Individuals with CLL-related complications or more advanced disease often benefit from treatment. In general, the indications for treatment are:
Indolent chronic lymphocytic leukemia or indolent CLL, which is a slow-progressing blood and bone marrow cancer, [2] Indolent lymphoma or low-grade lymphoma, a type of slow-growing non-Hodgkin lymphoma or slow-growing NHL. [3]
Individuals with CLL/SLL are considered to be at an increased risk for developing RT if they have: 1) enlarged lymph nodes, liver, and/or spleen; 2) advanced stage disease; 3) low blood platelet counts and/or elevated serum beta-2-microglobulin levels; 4) CLL/SLL cells which develop deletions in the CDKN2A gene, disruptions of the TP53 gene ...
Treatment options include watchful waiting, radiation aimed directly at the affected lymph nodes, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. For patients whose disease becomes more aggressive, autologous stem cell transplantation may be used. [citation needed] There is no consensus on the optimal first-line treatment for follicular lymphoma.
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (ICD-O: 9823/3) 30% of all leukemias. Also 3 to 4% of lymphomas in adults [1] Small resting lymphocytes mixed with variable number of large activated cells. Lymph nodes are diffusely effaced [1] CD5, surface immunoglobulin [1] Occurs in older adults. Usually involves lymph nodes, bone marrow and spleen.
Venetoclax is also indicated as part of a combination therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). [7] For this purpose it is used with azacitidine, decitabine, or low-dose cytarabine for newly diagnosed adults who are age 75 years or older, or those with other health problems where intensive chemotherapy cannot be used.