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The term lymphadenopathy strictly speaking refers to disease of the lymph nodes, [1] though it is often used to describe the enlargement of the lymph nodes. Similarly, the term lymphadenitis refers to inflammation of a lymph node, but often it is used as a synonym of lymphadenopathy. Cervical lymphadenopathy is a sign or a symptom, not a diagnosis.
Lymphadenopathy may be classified by: Size, where lymphadenopathy in adults is often defined as a short axis of one or more lymph nodes is greater than 10mm. [29] By extent: Localized lymphadenopathy: due to localized spot of infection; e.g., an infected spot on the scalp will cause lymph nodes in the neck on that same side to swell up
The classification of the cervical lymph nodes is generally attributed to Henri Rouvière in his 1932 publication "Anatomie des Lymphatiques de l'Homme" [6] [7] Rouviere described the cervical lymph nodes as a collar which surrounded the upper aerodigestive tract, consisting of submental, facial, submandibular, parotid, mastoid, occipital and retropharyngeal nodes, together with two chains ...
Cervical lymphadenopathy is seen in 50% to 75% of children, whereas the other features are estimated to occur in 90%, [16] [24] but sometimes it can be the dominant presenting symptom. [30] [33] According to the diagnostic criteria, at least one impaired lymph node ≥ 15 mm in diameter should be involved. [32]
This lesion invades the prevertebral muscles (black arrows). Note the multiple enlarged level V lymph nodes (white arrowheads). b Post-treatment image shows significant reduction in size and mass effect of the left thyroid infiltrative mass, with almost complete resolution of the left cervical lymphadenopathy. [1]
The signs and symptoms of Kikuchi disease are fever, enlargement of the lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy), skin rashes, and headache. [7] In sixty to ninety percent of cases, lymphadenopathy presents in the posterior cervical lymph nodes with diameter enlargement typically being between one and two centimeters, but up to seven centimeters has been reported in literature.
Pseudo-goitre is the apparent fullness of the front part of the neck. It may be mistakenly diagnosed as thyroid enlargement. The cause for pseudogoitre can be fat tissue of the neck, cervical lordosis, cervical masses (such as cervical lymphadenopathy, branchial cleft cyst, pharyngeal diverticulum) or high lying thyroid or trachea.
To expand, the common site where PGL occurs is within the head and neck region; parotid gland alterations and nasopharyngeal lymphatic tissue enlargement are often frequent comorbidities of Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy. Due to lymphoproliferation in the intraglandular lymphoid tissue, obstruction within the epithelium results in ...