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Liquid armor is a material under research by defense institutions and universities around the world including the United States Army Research Laboratory (ARL). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Some of the earliest research in this area was performed at Massachusetts Institute of Technology [ 4 ] and University of Delaware [ 5 ] in 2003.
In 2002, researchers at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and University of Delaware began researching the use of liquid armor, or a shear-thickening fluid in body armor. Researchers demonstrated that high-strength fabrics such as Kevlar can be made more bulletproof and stab-resistant when impregnated with the fluid.
Spray foam insulation or spray polyurethane foam (SPF) is an alternative to traditional building insulation such as fiberglass. A two-component mixture composed of isocyanate and polyol resin comes together at the tip of a gun, and forms an expanding foam that is sprayed onto roof tiles, concrete slabs, into wall cavities, or through holes ...
The sudden application of force—by stabbing the surface with a finger, for example, or rapidly inverting the container holding it—causes the fluid to behave like a solid rather than a liquid. This is the " shear thickening " property of this non-Newtonian fluid.
MIL-DTL-46100E specifies a steel of identical hardness. [3] MIL-DTL-32332 specifies ultra-hard steel, with Brinell hardness in excess of 570. [3] A Chinese publication lists 30MnCrNiMo "685" steel as the material used in Chinese rolled armor plates, with a Brinell Hardness of HBW 444-514 (thin) / 429-495 (thick).
This is a list of insulation materials used around the world. Typical R-values are given for various materials and structures as approximations based on the average of available figures and are sorted by lowest value. R-value at 1 m gives R-values normalised to a 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) thickness and sorts by median value of the range.
Open-cell metal foam CFD (numerical) simulation of fluid flow and heat transfer on an open cell metal foam. Open-celled metal foam, also called metal sponge, [3] can be used in heat exchangers (compact electronics cooling, cryogen tanks, PCM heat exchangers), energy absorption, flow diffusion, CO 2 scrubbers, flame arrestors, and lightweight optics. [4]
≳100000 [88] in practice, phonon scattering at solid-liquid interface is main barrier to heat transfer. 2.2 Liquid helium in its superfluid state below 2.2 K House: American 2016 Wood Product Blow-in, Attic Insulation 0.0440 − 0.0448 [89] FIBERGLAS Blow-in, Attic Insulation 0.0474 − 0.0531 [90] PINK FIBERGLAS Flexible Insulation 0.0336 ...