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Detailed illustration of the different parts constituting a wheat kernel. The germ of a cereal grain is the part that develops into a plant; [1] it is the seed embryo. [2] Along with bran, germ is often a by-product of the milling [3] that produces refined grain products.
Wheat bran structure (E: outer layer; I: intermediate layer; A: aleurone layer) Bran, also known as miller's bran, is the component of a cereal grain consisting of the hard layers – the combined aleurone and pericarp – surrounding the endosperm. Corn (maize) bran also includes the pedicel (tip cap). [1]
A whole grain is a grain of any cereal and pseudocereal that contains the endosperm, germ, and bran, in contrast to refined grains, which retain only the endosperm. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] As part of a general healthy diet , consumption of whole grains is associated with lower risk of several diseases.
Desserts like cakes, cookies, crumbles, and muffins; for bread recipes, experiment by swapping in up to 50 percent of the all-purpose flour for added nutritional value and flavor. Malachy120 ...
White flour is made entirely from the endosperm or protein/starchy part of the grain, leaving behind the germ and the bran or fiber part. In addition to marketing the bran and germ as products in their own right, middlings include shorts (making up approximately 12% of the original grain, consisting of fractions of endosperm, bran, and germ with an average particle size of 500–900 microns ...
The germ is the embryo of the seed that contains B vitamins and trace minerals. Because the germ has a fat content of 10%, [citation needed] it may reduce shelf-life. [citation needed] Thus, it is separated to ensure longer shelf life of the flour. In contrast to enriched flour, whole wheat flour contains both the bran and the germ.
With the elimination of the bran and the germ, the resulting "white" flour composed entirely of the endosperm produced an appealing product that research [2] has since proven to be nutritionally deficient: The endosperm contains less than half of the total minerals and B-vitamins of the wheat kernel. [3]
Whole grain breads include the bran, germ, and endosperm, therefore providing more naturally occurring fiber, vitamins and proteins. Sprouted (or germinated) grain breads have roughly the same amount of vitamins per gram, and 47% less gluten than regular bread. [citation needed] A comparison of nutritional analyses shows that sprouted grains ...