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In 1961, waste water was injected into deep strata, and this was later found to have caused a series of earthquakes. [ 41 ] The 2011 Oklahoma earthquake near Prague , of magnitude 5.8, [ 42 ] occurred after 20 years of injecting waste water into porous deep formations at increasing pressures and saturation. [ 43 ]
P wave and S wave from seismograph Velocity of seismic waves in Earth versus depth. [1] The negligible S-wave velocity in the outer core occurs because it is liquid, while in the solid inner core the S-wave velocity is non-zero. A seismic wave is a mechanical wave of acoustic energy that travels through the Earth or another planetary body.
The underground point of origin of the earthquake is called the seismic focus. The point directly above the focus on the surface is called the epicenter. Earthquakes by themselves rarely kill people or wildlife – it is usually the secondary events that they trigger, such as building collapse, fires, tsunamis and volcanic eruptions, that cause ...
What causes earthquakes? Earthquakes occur when the plates that make up the Earth's crust move around. These plates, called tectonic plates, can push against each other.
Devastating fires in Lahaina, Hawaii and Paradise, California share a crucial root cause with the LA blazes. It's a clue to our fire future. The most horrific wildfires in recent US history have ...
They are especially dangerous in harbors where the water can become trapped and compressed, causing higher waves. In 1964, a massive 9.2 magnitude earthquake in Alaska resulted in a tsunami in ...
The earthquake that hit Lisbon, Portugal in 1755 also caused seiches 2,100 kilometres (1,300 mi) farther north in Loch Lomond, Loch Long, Loch Katrine and Loch Ness in Scotland, [16] and in canals in Sweden. The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake caused seiches in standing water bodies in many Indian states as well as in Bangladesh, Nepal, and ...
Earthquakes can cause fires by damaging electrical power or gas lines. In the event of water mains rupturing and a loss of pressure, it may also become difficult to stop the spread of a fire once it has started. For example, more deaths in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake were caused by fire than by the earthquake itself. [72]