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  2. W. D. Ross - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._D._Ross

    Deontological pluralism (ethical non-naturalism / ethical intuitionism / ethical pluralism), [1] prima facie moral duties, [2] criticism of consequentialism Sir William David Ross KBE FBA (15 April 1877 – 5 May 1971), known as David Ross but usually cited as W. D. Ross , was a Scottish Aristotelian philosopher, translator, WWI veteran, civil ...

  3. Consequentialism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consequentialism

    In general, consequentialist theories focus on actions. However, this need not be the case. Rule consequentialism is a theory that is sometimes seen as an attempt to reconcile consequentialism with deontology, or rules-based ethics [15] —and in some cases, this is stated as a criticism of rule consequentialism. [16]

  4. Derek Parfit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derek_Parfit

    Consequentialism thus needs to be revised as well. Self-interest and consequentialism fail indirectly, while common-sense morality is directly collectively self-defeating. (So is self-interest, but self-interest is an individual theory.) Parfit showed, using interesting examples and borrowing from Nashian games, that it would often be better ...

  5. Jeremy Bentham - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy_Bentham

    Consequentialism; Equal consideration ... He strongly believed that education should be more ... This was an unsparing criticism of some introductory passages ...

  6. Demandingness objection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demandingness_objection

    The demandingness objection is a common [1] [2] argument raised against utilitarianism and other consequentialist ethical theories. The consequentialist requirement that we maximize the good impartially seems to this objection to require us to perform acts that we would normally consider optional.

  7. Criticism of schooling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_schooling

    A non-curriculum, non-instructional method of teaching was advocated by Neil Postman and Charles Weingartner in their book Teaching as a Subversive Activity.In inquiry education students are encouraged to ask questions which are meaningful to them, and which do not necessarily have easy answers; teachers are encouraged to avoid giving answers.

  8. Peter Railton - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Railton

    His dissertation concerned scientific explanation. His main research since centers on contemporary metaethics and normative ethics (especially consequentialism).He is the author of the book Facts, Values and Norms (Cambridge University Press, 2003), a collection of his major papers in ethics, and a co-editor (with Stephen Darwall and Allan Gibbard) of Moral Discourse and Practice: Some ...

  9. Non-aggression principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-aggression_principle

    Consequentialism: some advocates base the non-aggression principle on rule utilitarianism or rule egoism. These approaches hold that though violations of the non-aggression principle cannot be claimed to be objectively immoral, adherence to it almost always leads to the best possible results, and so it should be accepted as a moral rule.