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Alcohol ethoxylates and ethoxysulfates are surfactants, used widely in cosmetic and other commercial products. [1] The process is of great industrial significance, with more than 2,000,000 metric tons of various ethoxylates produced worldwide in 1994.
The word "surfactant" is a blendof surface-active agent,[1]coined in 1950 .[2] As they consist of a water-repellent and a water-attracting part, they enable water and oil to mix; they can form foam and facilitate the detachment of dirt. Surfactants are among the most widespread and commercially important chemicals.
Fatty alcohols are mainly used in the production of detergents and surfactants. Due to their amphipathic nature, fatty alcohols behave as nonionic surfactants. They find use as co-emulsifiers, emollients and thickeners in cosmetics and food industry. About 50% of fatty alcohols used commercially are of natural origin, the remainder being ...
Narrow-range ethoxylates (NREs) in chemistry are fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers with a narrow homolog distribution and are known nonionic surfactants.They can be produced industrially, for example, by the addition of ethylene oxide onto fatty alcohols in the presence of suitable catalysts (layer compounds which have been calcined or hydrophobized with fatty acids). [1]
Dodecanol / ˈdoʊˈdɛkɑːnɒl /, or lauryl alcohol, is an organic compound produced industrially from palm kernel oil or coconut oil. It is a fatty alcohol. Sulfate esters of lauryl alcohol, especially sodium lauryl sulfate, are very widely used as surfactants.
C12-15 pareth-12 (INCI name) is an emulsifier and surfactant commonly used in cosmetics formulations. It is a polyethylene glycol ether formed by combining synthetic C 12 –C 15 fatty alcohols with 12 moles of ethylene oxide. According to the INCI, "the term Pareth applies to ethoxylated paraffinic alcohols containing both even- and odd-carbon ...
Organosulfate. In organosulfur chemistry, organosulfates are a class of organic compounds sharing a common functional group with the structure R−O−SO− 3. The SO4 core is a sulfate group and the R group is any organic residue. All organosulfates are formally esters derived from alcohols and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) although many are not ...
Epoxide. In organic chemistry, an epoxide is a cyclic ether, where the ether forms a three-atom ring: two atoms of carbon and one atom of oxygen. This triangular structure has substantial ring strain, making epoxides highly reactive, more so than other ethers. They are produced on a large scale for many applications.