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The United Kingdom's population is predominantly White British (75.98% at the 2021 Census), but due to migration from Commonwealth nations, Britain has become ethnically diverse. The second and third largest non-white racial groups are Asian British at 8.6% of the population, followed by Black British people at 3.71%.
Map of population density in England as at the 2011 census The non-metropolitan counties and unitary authorities of England in 2020 by total population.. The demography of England has since 1801 been measured by the decennial national census, and is marked by centuries of population growth and urbanization.
This is a list of the largest cities and towns of England ordered by population at various points during history. Until the first modern census was conducted in 1801 there was no centrally conducted method of determining the populations of England's settlements at any one time, and so data has to be used from a number of other historical surveys.
Form used to poll English households during the 2001 Census. Coincident full censuses have taken place in the different jurisdictions of the United Kingdom every ten years since 1801, with the exceptions of 1941 (during the Second World War), Ireland in 1921/Northern Ireland in 1931, [1] and Scotland in 2021.
For the overwhelming majority of London's history, the population of the city was ethnically homogenous with the population being of White British ethnic origin, [18] with small clusters of minority groups such as Jewish people, most notably in areas of the East End.
Throughout the 19th century a small population of German immigrants built up in Britain, numbering 28,644 in 1861. London held around half of this population, and other small communities existed in Manchester, Bradford and elsewhere. The German immigrant community was the largest group until 1891, when it became second only to Russian Jews.
There have only been three occasions in Great Britain where the census has not been decennial: There was no census in 1941 due to the Second World War; a mini-census using a ten per cent sample of the population was conducted on 24 April 1966; and the planned Scottish 2021 census was delayed to 2022 due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. [1]
Another source by Thomas L. Purvis in 1984 [34] estimated that people of British ancestry made up about 62% of the total population or 74% of the white or European American population. [34] Some 81% of the total United States population was of European heritage. [ 35 ]