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P. vindex adults are hard-bodied beetles which range from approximately 11-22 millimeters (0.4-0.9 inches) in length. They are relatively bulky and oblong. These beetles are sexually dimorphic; the males can be identified by their iridescent elytra and a large horn on their heads while females have slightly less vibrant shells and lack horns.
Acrossus rufipes, the night-flying dung beetle, is a species of scarab beetle. It was first recorded by the zoologist Carl Linnaeus as Acrossus rufipes in his 10th edition of Systema Naturae . The species was more recently considered a member of the genus Aphodius , but is now again classified as Acrossus rufipes .
Scarabaeus satyrus is an African species of dung beetle. These beetles roll a ball of dung for some distance from where it was deposited, and bury it, excavating an underground chamber to house it. An egg is then laid in the ball, the growing larva feeding on the dung, pupating, and eventually emerging as an adult.
Female Thorectes lusitanicus. Thorectes lusitanicus is a species of medium-sized dung beetle. On average, they range from 130 to 175 mg in dry body weight. [1] As a species of dung beetle, they have tibial spurs which aid them in their characteristic rolling of dung balls. [9]
Dung beetle rolling a ball of dung in the Addo Elephant National Park, South Africa. Dung beetles live in many habitats, including desert, grasslands and savannas, [10] farmlands, and native and planted forests. [11] They are highly influenced by the environmental context, [2] and do not prefer extremely cold or dry weather.
Different species of dung beetle are attracted to the dung produced by different animals. [3] Scarabaeus ambiguus seems to be attracted by both cattle dung and donkey dung. It is diurnal and is particularly active in the morning, in the cool conditions after heavy rain, when it is on the wing earlier than other species of dung beetle. [1]
Scarabaeus gangeticus, is a species of dung beetle found in many Indo-African countries including; India, [1] Sri Lanka, [2] Pakistan, [3] Iran, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Botswana, Ethiopia, Somalia, Uganda and Zimbabwe.
Heliocopris bucephalus, commonly known as the Elephant dung beetle, [1] is a species of dung beetle found in India, [2] Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Malay Peninsula, Java, Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia.