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Indian vernacular architecture the informal, functional architecture of structures, often in rural areas of India, built of local materials and designed to meet the needs of the local people. The builders of these structures are unschooled in formal architectural design and their work reflects the rich diversity of India's climate, locally ...
Architecture is the art and technique of designing and building, as distinguished from the skills associated with construction. [3] It is both the process and the product of sketching, conceiving, [4] planning, designing, and constructing buildings or other structures. [5]
Hindu architecture is the traditional system of Indian architecture for structures such as temples, monasteries, statues, homes, market places, gardens and town planning as described in Hindu texts. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The architectural guidelines survive in Sanskrit manuscripts and in some cases also in other regional languages.
Originating in ancient India, Vastu Shastra (Sanskrit: वास्तु शास्त्र, vāstu śāstra – literally "science of architecture" [2]) is a traditional Hindu system of architecture [3] [4] based on ancient texts that describe principles of design, layout, measurements, ground preparation, space arrangement, and spatial geometry. [5]
The Manasara is a comprehensive text on architecture and design, part of the larger corpus of the Vaastu Shastras and Shilpa Shastras, which provide guidelines on the principles of Indian architecture and construction. These texts blend technical design aspects with deep symbolic meaning derived from Hindu cosmology and traditions.
Ancient Indian architecture ranges from the Indian Bronze Age to around 800 CE. By this endpoint Buddhism in India had greatly declined, and Hinduism was predominant, and religious and secular building styles had taken on forms, with great regional variation, which they largely retain even after some forceful changes brought about by the arrival of first Islam, and then Europeans.
Other prominent examples of modernist architecture in India include IIM Ahmedabad by Louis Kahn (1961), IIT Delhi by Jugal Kishore Chodhury (1961), IIT Kanpur by Achyut Kanvinde (1963), IIM Bangalore by B. V. Doshi (1973), Lotus Temple by Fariborz Sahba (1986), and Jawahar Kala Kendra (1992) and Vidhan Bhawan Bhopal (1996) by Charles Correa. [132]
The architectural work was guided by the officers and engineers whose knowledge of the architectural style was essentially restricted to the classic books on Renaissance architects – such as Vitruvius, Alberti, and Palladio – and executed by local knowledge of traditional masons and carpenters recruited for the work. In a sense it was a ...