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Microhematuria, also called microscopic hematuria (both usually abbreviated as MH), is a medical condition in which urine contains small amounts of blood; the blood quantity is too low to change the color of the urine (otherwise, it is known as gross hematuria).
Hematuria can be classified according to visibility, anatomical origin, and timing of blood during urination. [1] [6]In terms of visibility, hematuria can be visible to the naked eye (termed "gross hematuria") and may appear red or brown (sometimes referred to as tea-colored), or it can be microscopic (i.e. not visible but detected with a microscope or laboratory test).
Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis often presents with hematuria (gross or microscopic) or nephrotic syndrome. [2] Presentation can also include asymptomatic proteinuria. [2] These presenting symptoms are relatively non-specific and are often seen in other glomerular disorders.
Microscopic hematuria is sometimes observed in healthy people after exercise [98] or as a consequence of contamination of the sample with menstrual blood. [97] Pathologic causes of hematuria are diverse and include trauma to the urinary tract, kidney stones , urinary tract infections , drug toxicity , genitourinary cancers, and a variety of ...
Most patients with thin basement membrane disease are incidentally discovered to have microscopic hematuria on urinalysis. The blood pressure, kidney function, and the urinary protein excretion are usually normal. Mild proteinuria (less than 1.5 g/day) and hypertension are seen in a small minority of patients.
The signs and symptoms of this disorder can vary from asymptomatic microhematuria to severe, recurrent flank pain associated with kidney stone formation and infections. Patients may also present with a fever, nausea, vomiting, dysuria and polyuria. [6] If untreated, the chronic infections can progress causing renal damage.
This constellation of symptoms contrasts with the classical presentation of nephrotic syndrome (excessive proteinuria >3.5 g/day, low plasma albumin levels (hypoalbuminemia) <3 g/L, generalized edema, and hyperlipidemia). [8] [10] Signs and symptoms that are consistent with nephritic syndrome include: Hematuria (red blood cells in the urine) [11]
Blood tests (to monitor levels of platelets, red blood cells, and white blood cells), stool tests (especially to check for microscopic or macroscopic levels of fresh or old blood), urinalysis (to help monitor kidney function, like blood urea nitrogen, or BUN, levels, pH, and for blood in the urine- hematuria) [3] Differential diagnosis