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There are 251 nuclides in nature that have never been observed to decay. They occur among the 80 different elements that have one or more stable isotopes. See stable nuclide and primordial nuclide. Unstable nuclides are radioactive and are called radionuclides. Their decay products ('daughter' products) are called radiogenic nuclides.
There are 251 known so-called stable nuclides. Many of these in theory could decay through spontaneous fission, alpha decay, double beta decay, etc. with a very long half-life, but no radioactive decay has yet been observed. Thus, the number of stable nuclides is subject to change if some of these 251 are determined to be very long-lived ...
There are no stable nuclides with mass numbers 5 or 8. There are stable nuclides with all other mass numbers up to 208 with the exceptions of 147 and 151, which are represented by the very long-lived samarium-147 and europium-151. (Bismuth-209 was found to be radioactive in 2003, but with a half-life of 2.01 × 10 19 years.)
These 35 radioactive naturally occurring nuclides comprise the radioactive primordial nuclides. The total number of primordial nuclides is then 251 (the stable nuclides) plus the 35 radioactive primordial nuclides, for a total of 286 primordial nuclides. This number is subject to change if new shorter-lived primordials are identified on Earth.
The predicted half-lives for these nuclides often greatly exceed the estimated age of the universe, and in fact, there are also 31 known radionuclides (see primordial nuclide) with half-lives longer than the age of the universe. Adding in the radioactive nuclides that have been created artificially, there are 3,339 currently known nuclides. [12]
All the first 66 elements, except 43, 61, 62, and 63. If spontaneous fission is possible for the nuclides with mass numbers ≥ 93, then all such nuclides are unstable, so that only the first 40 elements would be stable. If protons decay, then there are no stable nuclides. Energetically unstable to one or more known decay modes, but no decay ...
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Interactive Chart of Nuclides (Brookhaven National Laboratory) The Lund/LBNL Nuclear Data Search; An isotope table with clickable information on every isotope and its decay routes is available at chemlab.pc.maricopa.edu; An example of free Universal Nuclide Chart with decay information for over 3000 nuclides is available at Nucleonica.net.