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The Malpighian tubule system is a type of excretory and osmoregulatory system found in some insects, myriapods, arachnids and tardigrades. It has also been described in some crustacean species, [ 1 ] and is likely the same organ as the posterior caeca which has been described in crustaceans.
They act by increasing cyclic AMP production in Malpighian tubules and appear to stimulate cation (K + /Na +) transport. Originally known as the myokinins because of their myotropic activity, the kinins were first isolated from the Madeira cockroach, Leucophaea maderae and the cricket, Acheta domesticus. Kinins are smaller than the CRF-related ...
Brochosomes are produced within cells of specialized glandular segments of the Malpighian tubules – the primary excretory organs of insects, which often serve additional functions. Each cell simultaneously manufactures a large number of brochosomes within its Golgi complexes and eventually releases them into the lumen of the tubule. [7] [8 ...
Polytene chromosomes are present in secretory tissues of dipteran insects such as the Malpighian tubules of Sciara and also in protists, plants, mammals, or in cells from other insects. Some of the largest polytene chromosomes described thus far occur in larval salivary gland cells of the chironomid genus Axarus .
An insect uses its digestive system to extract nutrients and other substances from the food it consumes. [3]Most of this food is ingested in the form of macromolecules and other complex substances (such as proteins, polysaccharides, fats, and nucleic acids) which must be broken down by catabolic reactions into smaller molecules (i.e. amino acids, simple sugars, etc.) before being used by cells ...
The Malpighian tubules are not free in the hemocele but are bound to the wall of the rectum by the perinephric membrane. This structure allows efficient resorption of water from diuresis and absorption of atmospheric water that is present in the hindgut as humidity. An adaptation for water conservation. [1] [2]
The digestive system is typical of insects, with Malpighian tubules discharging into the midgut. Carbohydrates are digested mainly in the crop, while proteins are digested in the ceca of the midgut. Saliva is abundant but largely free of enzymes, helping to move food and Malpighian secretions along the gut.
Long, slender (extratory) malpighian tubules can be found between the junction of the mid- and hind gut. [8] The reproductive system of females consist of paired ovaries, lateral oviducts, spermatheca, and a genital chamber. The lateral ducts are where the eggs leave the body, while the spermatheca is where sperm is stored.