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Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a form of contact dermatitis that is the manifestation of an allergic response caused by contact with a substance; the other type being irritant contact dermatitis (ICD). Although less common than ICD, ACD is accepted to be the most prevalent form of immunotoxicity found in humans. [1]
692.8 Contact dermatitis and other eczema due to other specified agents. 692.81 Dermatitis, due to cosmetics; 692.83 Dermatitis, due to metals; 692.9 Contact dermatitis NOS; 693 Dermatitis due to substances taken internally. 693.0 Dermatitis due to drugs and medicines taken internally; 693.1 Dermatitis due to food taken internally; 694 Bullous ...
Low humidity from air conditioning was found to be the most common cause of physical irritant contact dermatitis. [3] To the lay person a definition of low humidity being a physical irritant can be confusing because low humidity is a deficit (or absence) of an elemental substance, whereas all other irritants implicated in contact dermatitis are in concentrations of relative abundance.
Common causes of allergic contact dermatitis include: nickel allergy, 14K or 18K gold, Balsam of Peru (Myroxylon pereirae), and chromium. In the Americas they include the oily, urushiol-containing coating from plants of the genus Toxicodendron: poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac. Millions of cases occur each year in North America alone. [10]
[1] [2] In the United States, it affects about 10–30% of people. [2] Contact dermatitis is twice as common in females as in males. [11] Allergic contact dermatitis affects about 7% of people at some point in their lives. [12] Irritant contact dermatitis is common, especially among people with certain occupations; exact rates are unclear. [13]
Photodermatitis, sometimes referred to as sun poisoning or photoallergy, is a form of allergic contact dermatitis in which the allergen must be activated by light to sensitize the allergic response, and to cause a rash or other systemic effects on subsequent exposure.
Stasis dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, acute irritant contact eczema and infective dermatitis have been documented as possible triggers, but the exact cause and mechanism is not fully understood. [7] Several other types of id reactions exist including erythema nodosum, erythema multiforme, Sweet's syndrome and urticaria. [3]
Irritant diaper dermatitis (diaper dermatitis, napkin dermatitis) Juvenile plantar dermatosis (atopic winter feet, dermatitis plantaris sicca, forefoot dermatitis, moon-boot foot syndrome, sweaty sock dermatitis) Molluscum dermatitis; Nummular dermatitis (discoid eczema, microbial eczema, nummular eczema, nummular neurodermatitis)