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Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections. [5] This includes bone and joint infections , intra-abdominal infections, certain types of infectious diarrhea , respiratory tract infections , skin infections, typhoid fever , and urinary tract infections , among others. [ 5 ]
Sulopenem/probenecid, sold under the brand name Orlynvah, is a fixed-dose combination medication used for the treatment of urinary tract infections. [1] It contains sulopenem, a penem antibacterial, as the prodrug sulopenem etzadroxil; and probenecid, a renal tubular transport inhibitor.
They are used in human and veterinary medicine to treat bacterial infections, as well as in animal husbandry, specifically poultry production. [ 2 ] Nearly all quinolone antibiotics in use are fluoroquinolones , which contain a fluorine atom in their chemical structure and are effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
The use of nitrofurantoin is contraindicated in patients with an estimated GFR of less than 30 mL/min/1.73m 2 as drug accumulation can lead to increased side effects and impaired recovery of the urinary tract, increasing the risk of treatment failure. [29] The use of TMP/SMX also raises concerns in patients with kidney disease.
Ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, has shown in vitro activity against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Dexamethasone acts as an anti-inflammatory corticosteroid.
Additional side effects can result from interaction with other drugs, such as the possibility of tendon damage from the administration of a quinolone antibiotic with a systemic corticosteroid. [ 51 ] Some antibiotics may also damage the mitochondrion , a bacteria-derived organelle found in eukaryotic, including human, cells. [ 52 ]
Common side effects include an upset stomach. [6] Other side effects may include muscle or joint pains, shortness of breath, and liver problems. [6] [8] It appears to be safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding. [6] It should not be used in those who are allergic to penicillin. [6] It is a narrow-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic of the penicillin ...
A 2018 systematic review recommended the use of norfloxacin as it has the lowest rate of side effects with a comparable efficacy to commonly used antibiotics. [ 29 ] In people who do not require hospitalization and live in an area where there is a low prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, a fluoroquinolone by mouth such as ciprofloxacin ...
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