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424.95: 456.15: 491.15: 515.15 ... Boiling points of aqueous solutions ... Excess volume of the mixture of ethanol and water (volume contraction)
At atmospheric pressure, mixtures of ethanol and water form an azeotrope at about 89.4 mol% ethanol (95.6% ethanol by mass, [84] 97% alcohol by volume), with a boiling point of 351.3 K (78.1 °C). [85] At lower pressure, the composition of the ethanol-water azeotrope shifts to more ethanol-rich mixtures. [86]
This page contains tables of azeotrope data for various binary and ternary mixtures of solvents. The data include the composition of a mixture by weight (in binary azeotropes, when only one fraction is given, it is the fraction of the second component), the boiling point (b.p.) of a component, the boiling point of a mixture, and the specific gravity of the mixture.
Ethanol boils at 78.4 °C, water ... is retained and exhibits an increasingly higher boiling point. A mixture of 5% water with 95% tetrahydrofuran is an example of an ...
Such a deviation suggests weaker intermolecular attraction than in the pure components, so that the molecules can be thought of as being "held in" the liquid phase less strongly than in the pure liquid. An example is the azeotrope of approximately 95% ethanol and water. Because the azeotrope's vapor pressure is higher than predicted by Raoult's ...
[144] [145] The ethanol fuel used in Brazil is distilled close to the azeotrope mixture of 95.63% ethanol and 4.37% water (by weight) which is approximately 3.5% water by volume. [146] The azeotrope is the highest concentration of ethanol that can be achieved by simple fractional distillation.
The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the pressure ... 95.1 4,500 203.9 2,000 93.4 6,000 201.1 2,500 91.7 ...
The purity of rectified spirit has a practical limit of 97.2% ABV (95.6% by mass) [2] when produced using conventional distillation processes, as a mixture of ethanol and water becomes a minimum-boiling azeotrope at this concentration. However, rectified spirit is typically distilled in continuous multi-column stills at 96–96.5% ABV and ...