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  2. Energy transformation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_transformation

    Fire is an example of energy transformation Energy transformation using Energy Systems Language. Energy transformation, also known as energy conversion, is the process of changing energy from one form to another. [1] In physics, energy is a quantity that provides the capacity to perform work or moving (e.g. lifting an object) or provides heat.

  3. Heat transfer physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_transfer_physics

    The macroscopic energy equation for infinitesimal volume used in heat transfer analysis is [6] = +, ˙, where q is heat flux vector, −ρc p (∂T/∂t) is temporal change of internal energy (ρ is density, c p is specific heat capacity at constant pressure, T is temperature and t is time), and ˙ is the energy conversion to and from thermal ...

  4. Thermal energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_energy

    Thermal radiation in visible light can be seen on this hot metalwork, due to blackbody radiation. The term "thermal energy" is often used ambiguously in physics and engineering. [1] It can denote several different physical concepts, including: Internal energy: The total energy contained within a body of matter or radiation.

  5. Heat transfer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_transfer

    Heat transfer is a discipline of thermal engineering that concerns the generation, use, conversion, and exchange of thermal energy between physical systems. Heat transfer is classified into various mechanisms, such as thermal conduction, thermal convection, thermal radiation, and transfer of energy by phase changes.

  6. Energy conversion efficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_conversion_efficiency

    Energy conversion efficiency depends on the usefulness of the output. All or part of the heat produced from burning a fuel may become rejected waste heat if, for example, work is the desired output from a thermodynamic cycle. Energy converter is an example of an energy transformation.

  7. First law of thermodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_law_of_thermodynamics

    In 1840, Germain Hess stated a conservation law for the heat of reaction during chemical transformations. [9] This law was later recognized as a consequence of the first law of thermodynamics, but Hess's statement was not explicitly concerned with the relation between energy exchanges by heat and work.

  8. Second law of thermodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_law_of_thermodynamics

    The energy and entropy of unpolarized blackbody thermal radiation, is calculated using the spectral energy and entropy radiance expressions derived by Max Planck [63] using equilibrium statistical mechanics, = ⁡ (), = ((+) ⁡ (+) ⁡ ()) where c is the speed of light, k is the Boltzmann constant, h is the Planck constant, ν is frequency ...

  9. Thermodynamic process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_process

    Energy gained by the system, through work done on it, is lost to the bath, so that its temperature remains constant. An adiabatic process is a process in which there is no matter or heat transfer, because a thermally insulating wall separates the system from its surroundings.