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Comparison of Stirling's approximation with the factorial. In mathematics, Stirling's approximation (or Stirling's formula) is an asymptotic approximation for factorials. It is a good approximation, leading to accurate results even for small values of .
From the late 15th century onward, factorials became the subject of study by Western mathematicians. In a 1494 treatise, Italian mathematician Luca Pacioli calculated factorials up to 11!, in connection with a problem of dining table arrangements. [12]
Stirling numbers express coefficients in expansions of falling and rising factorials (also known as the Pochhammer symbol) as polynomials.. That is, the falling factorial, defined as = (+) , is a polynomial in x of degree n whose expansion is
In mathematics, the falling factorial (sometimes called the descending factorial, [1] falling sequential product, or lower factorial) is defined as the polynomial ...
In mathematics, the (signed and unsigned) Lah numbers are coefficients expressing rising factorials in terms of falling factorials and vice versa. They were discovered by Ivo Lah in 1954. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Explicitly, the unsigned Lah numbers L ( n , k ) {\displaystyle L(n,k)} are given by the formula involving the binomial coefficient
This is a list of factorial and binomial topics in mathematics. See also binomial (disambiguation). Abel's binomial theorem; Alternating factorial; Antichain;
In probability theory, the factorial moment is a mathematical quantity defined as the expectation or average of the falling factorial of a random variable.Factorial moments are useful for studying non-negative integer-valued random variables, [1] and arise in the use of probability-generating functions to derive the moments of discrete random variables.
Multiplicative partitions of factorials are expressions of values of the factorial function as products of powers of prime numbers. They have been studied by Paul Erdős and others. [1] [2] [3] The factorial of a positive integer is a product of decreasing integer factors, which can in turn be factored into prime numbers.