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The development of the Dornier lithotripter progressed through several prototypes, ultimately culminating in February 1980 with the first treatment of a human by shockwave lithotripsy (SWL). The production and distribution of the Dornier HM3 lithotripter began in late 1983, and SWL was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 1984. [27]
ESWL was first used on kidney stones in 1980. It is also applied to gallstones and pancreatic stones. External shockwaves are focused and pulverize the stone which is located by imaging. The first shockwave lithotriptor approved for human use was the Dornier HM3 (human model 3) derived from a device used for testing aerospace parts.
Ho:YAG lasers have wavelength of 2100 nm (infrared) and are used for medical procedures in urology and other areas. They have qualities of CO 2 and Nd:Yag lasers, with ablative and coagulation effects. [10] Holmium laser use results in smaller fragments than 320 or 365 micron pulsed dye lasers or electrohydraulic and mechanical methods. [11]
Consumer Reports states that PriceGrabber places the ads and pays a percentage of referral fees to CR, [25] who has no direct relationship with the retailers. [26] Consumer Reports publishes reviews of its business partner and recommends it in at least one case. [27]
Consumer Reports is a United States-based non-profit organization which conducts product testing and product research to collect information to share with consumers so that they can make more informed purchase decisions in any marketplace.
This is a guide to help staff at Consumer Reports add content to Wikipedia. Consumer Reports is a United States-based non-profit organization which promotes consumer rights by sharing information on products and services. The organization's editors, reports, researchers, and engineers are often subject matter experts on product testing and ...
Beneficial side effects are less common; some examples, in many cases of side-effects that ultimately gained regulatory approval as intended effects, are: Bevacizumab ( Avastin ), used to slow the growth of blood vessels, has been used against dry age-related macular degeneration , as well as macular edema from diseases such as diabetic ...
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