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Gaius Julius Caesar [a] (12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a Roman general and statesman. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in a civil war, and subsequently became dictator from 49 BC until his assassination in 44 BC.
Museo di Antichità, Turin, Italy The Tusculum portrait , also called the Tusculum bust , is the only extant portrait of Julius Caesar which may have been made during his lifetime. [ 1 ] It is also one of the two accepted portraits of Caesar (alongside the Chiaramonti Caesar ) which were made before the beginning of the Roman Empire . [ 2 ]
The Roman general Julius Caesar was in the midst of fighting the Gallic Wars. At the end of 57 BC, he had conquered much of Gaul and had been awarded a 15-day supplicatio, a feast of thanksgiving, longer than any before. [1] Caesar's gravitas was growing quickly, and he aimed to leverage it to his advantage. [2] Rome was in turmoil.
The reconstructed remains of a center column with support. The flaring at the top is the beginning of arches for the bottom tier. The first iteration of the Basilica Julia was begun around 54 BC by Julius Caesar, though it was left to his heir Augustus to complete the construction and name it in honor of his adoptive father.
Julius Caesar, depicted as pausing on the banks of the Rubicon. In January 49 BC, Gaius Julius Caesar led a single legion, Legio XIII, south over the Rubicon from Cisalpine Gaul to Italy to make his way to Rome.
Caesar's civil war (49–45 BC) was a civil war during the late Roman Republic between two factions led by Gaius Julius Caesar and Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (Pompey). The main cause of the war was political tensions relating to Caesar's place in the republic on his expected return to Rome on the expiration of his governorship in Gaul.
The Wall of Suburra and Arco dei Pantani (1880 ca.). The wall of Suburra is an isodomum wall, stretching 33 metres (108.3 ft) from the ground level of the Forum and built in peperino and Gabine stone (lapis gabinum), [4] which ancient Romans thought was particularly resistant to fire.
The Battle of Utica (49 BC) in Caesar's Civil War was fought between Julius Caesar's general Gaius Scribonius Curio and Pompeian legionaries commanded by Publius Attius Varus supported by Numidian cavalry and foot soldiers sent by King Juba I of Numidia. Curio defeated the Pompeians and Numidians and drove Varus back into the town of Utica.